Question

Как характер подстилающей поверхности влияет на климат? Очень кратко!!!

Answer 1

Ответ:

как помню, воздействуют на силу ветра, поглощают солнечную радиацию, тем самым согревая землю, испаряют влагу

Answer 2

The Impact of Underlying Surface on Climate

The characteristics of the underlying surface can have a significant impact on the climate. Here are some key points to consider:

1. Albedo: The albedo of the surface, which refers to its ability to reflect sunlight, plays a crucial role in climate. Surfaces with high albedo, such as ice and snow, reflect more sunlight back into space, leading to cooler temperatures. Conversely, surfaces with low albedo, such as dark forests or asphalt, absorb more sunlight, resulting in warmer temperatures.

2. Evapotranspiration: The type of surface also affects evapotranspiration, which is the combined process of evaporation from the surface and transpiration from plants. Surfaces with abundant vegetation, such as forests, promote higher evapotranspiration rates, which can lead to increased cloud formation and precipitation. On the other hand, surfaces with less vegetation, such as deserts, have lower evapotranspiration rates, resulting in drier conditions.

3. Surface Roughness: The roughness of the underlying surface influences the movement of air and the formation of atmospheric circulation patterns. Rough surfaces, such as mountains or forests, can disrupt the flow of air, causing it to rise and creating local wind patterns. Smooth surfaces, such as oceans or flat plains, allow for more uniform airflow.

4. Thermal Properties: The thermal properties of the surface, including its heat capacity and thermal conductivity, affect the exchange of heat between the surface and the atmosphere. Surfaces with high heat capacity, such as bodies of water, can moderate temperature changes by absorbing and releasing heat more slowly. Surfaces with low heat capacity, such as dry soil, can experience more rapid temperature fluctuations.

5. Land-Sea Contrast: The contrast between land and sea surfaces can also influence climate. Coastal areas often experience milder temperatures due to the moderating effect of nearby oceans. In contrast, inland areas can have more extreme temperature variations due to the absence of this moderating influence.

These are just a few examples of how the characteristics of the underlying surface can impact climate. It's important to note that these factors interact with each other and with other atmospheric processes in complex ways, contributing to the overall climate patterns of a region.