Question

Рассказ о великом новгороде на английском языке

Answer 1

Nizhny Novgorod is the fourth largest city in Russia, ranking after Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Novosibirsk. It is the economic and cultural center of the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and also the administrative center of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and Volga Federal District. 
From 1932 to 1990, the city was known as Gorky after the writer Maxim Gorky who was born there. 
The city is an important economic, transport and cultural center of the Russian Federation. 
After the destruction of the Mordvin Inazor Obram administrative centre and fillfort named Obran Osh (Ashli) at the site of future stone Kremlin in 1220, a small Russian wooden hillfort was founded by Grand Duke Yuri II of Russia in 1221. Located at the confluence of two most important rivers of his principality, the Volga and the Oka, and Obran Osh was renamed Nizhny Novgorod. Its name literally means Lower Newtown, to distinguish it from the older Veliky Novgorod. Its independent existence was threatened by the continuous Mordvin attacks against it. The major attempt made by Inazor Purgaz from Arzamas in January 1229 was repulsed, but after the death of Yuri II on March 4, 1238 at the Battle of Sit River the Mongols occupied the fortress and the remnants of small Nizhny Novgorod settlement which surrendered without any resistance in order to preserve what had been developed since Purgaz's attack eight years earlier. Later a major stronghold for border protection, Nizhny Novgorod fortress took advantage of a natural moat formed by the two rivers. 
Along with Moscow and Tver, Nizhny Novgorod was among several newly-founded towns that escaped Mongol devastation on account of their insignificance, but grew into (great) centers in vassalic Russian political life during the period of the Tatar Yoke. With the agreement of the Mongol Khan, Nizhny Novgorod was incorporated into the Vladimir - Suzdal Principality in 1264. After 86 years its importance further increased when the seat of the powerful Suzdal Principality was moved here from Gorodets in 1350. Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich (1323–1383) sought to make his capital a rival worthy of Moscow; he built a stone citadel and several churches and was a patron of historians. The earliest extant manuscript of the Russian Primary Chronicle, the Laurentian Codex, was written for him by the local monk Laurentius in 1377.

Answer 2

Veliky Novgorod, also known as Novgorod the Great, is one of the oldest and most important cities in Russia. It is located in the northwestern part of the country, near the Volkhov River and Lake Ilmen. The city has a rich history that dates back to the 9th century and is considered to be the birthplace of the Russian state.

Veliky Novgorod played a crucial role in the formation of the Russian nation and its political and cultural development. It was a major center of trade and crafts, as well as a hub for the spread of Christianity in Russia. The city was also known for its democratic traditions, as it was one of the first Russian cities to have a form of self-government.

One of the most iconic landmarks in Veliky Novgorod is the Novgorod Kremlin, a medieval fortress that served as the administrative and religious center of the city. The Kremlin is home to several historic buildings, including the Cathedral of St. Sophia, which is one of the oldest stone buildings in Russia and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Another important site in Veliky Novgorod is the Yaroslav's Court, which was the residence of the city's prince in the Middle Ages. The court is known for its impressive architecture and beautiful frescoes, and it provides valuable insights into the life of the ruling elite in medieval Russia.

In addition to its historical and cultural significance, Veliky Novgorod is also known for its natural beauty. The city is surrounded by picturesque landscapes, including forests, rivers, and lakes, making it a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts.

Overall, Veliky Novgorod is a city with a rich heritage and a unique atmosphere that attracts visitors from all over the world. Its historic significance, cultural treasures, and natural beauty make it a must-see destination for anyone interested in Russian history and culture.