Question

Как образуется present perfect и present perfect progressive

Answer 1

Образование Present Perfect Progressive Present Perfect Progressive образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в форме Present Perfect и основного глагола с окончанием -ing. have been / has been + основной глагол в I форме + -ing • Утвердительное предложение (УП) УП = Подлежащее + have been / has been + основной глагол в I форме + -ing. Jeff and Emily have been playing tennis for two hours.- Джеф и Эмили играют в теннис в течение двух часов. Отрицательное предложение (ОП) ОП = Подлежащее + have not been / has not been + основной глагол в I форме + -ing + второстепенные члены предложения. Jeff and Emily haven't been playing golf for three hours. • Общий вопрос (OB) OB = Have / Has + подлежащее + been + основной глагол в I форме + -ing + второстепенные члены предложения? HasJeff been playing tennis for two hours? — Yes, he has. • Альтернативный вопрос (АВ) АВ = ОВ + or + ОВ? Альтернативный вопрос представляет из себя два общих вопроса, соединенных союзом or (или). Обычно в речи второй вопрос сокращается и сохраняются только слова, содержащие альтернативу. Has Emily been playing tennis for two hours or (has she been playing tennis) for three hours? — Emily has been playing tennis for two hours. • Вопрос к подлежащему (ВП) ВП = Who / What + has been + основной глагол в I форме + -ing + второстепенные члены предложения? Who has been playing tennis for two hours? — Jeff and Emily have. * Специальный вопрос (СВ) СП = Вопросительное слово + ОВ? How long have Jeff and Emily been playing tennis? — Theyhave been playing tennis for two hours. • Разделительный вопрос Jeff and Emily haven't been playing tennis for four hours, have they? — No, they haven't. Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме настоящего времени (have, has) и формы причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола (для правильных глаголов это инфинитив с окончанием –ed, для неправильных глаголов - третья форма) : I have worked. He has worked. В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Have I worked? Has he worked? В специальном вопросе вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим, а перед вспомогательным глаголом используется нужное вопросительное местоимение: Where have I worked? Why has he worked? With whom have you worked? В вопросе к подлежащему вопросительное местоимение who ставится перед сказуемым вместо самого подлежащего (в данном вопросе всегда используется вспомогательный глагол has): Who has worked? Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола: I have not worked.

Answer 2

Present Perfect Formation

The present perfect tense is formed using the auxiliary verb "have" or "has" followed by the past participle of the main verb. The past participle is usually formed by adding "-ed" to regular verbs, but irregular verbs have their own unique forms. Here are the general rules for forming the present perfect tense:

- For regular verbs: subject + have/has + past participle - For irregular verbs: subject + have/has + past participle (irregular form)

For example: - I have played tennis. - She has eaten lunch.

Note: The use of "have" or "has" depends on the subject of the sentence. "Have" is used with pronouns like "I," "you," "we," and "they," while "has" is used with pronouns like "he," "she," and "it" [[3]](https://puzzle-english.com/directory/present-perfect).

Present Perfect Progressive Formation

The present perfect progressive tense, also known as the present perfect continuous tense, is formed using the auxiliary verb "have" or "has," followed by "been," and then the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb. Here's the general structure:

- subject + have/has + been + present participle (-ing form)

For example: - They have been working on the project. - She has been studying for the exam.

The present perfect progressive tense is used to describe an action that started in the past, is still ongoing, and may continue into the future. It emphasizes the duration or continuous nature of the action. It is often used with time expressions like "for" and "since" to indicate the length of time the action has been happening [[4]](https://skyeng.ru/articles/present-perfect-continuous-progressive/).

Examples:

- I have played tennis. (present perfect) - She has eaten lunch. (present perfect) - They have been working on the project. (present perfect progressive) - She has been studying for the exam. (present perfect progressive)