Question

Люди обьясните как легко отличить present perfect , past perfect , future perfect от других времен , никак не могу понять

Answer 1

Чтобы не путать настоящий перфект ( Present Perfect) с Past Simple следует знать признаки отличающие одно от другого. Past Simple. 1.Имеет значения: однократного действия в прошлом( said- cказал, decided - решил); привычного, повторяющегося действия в прошлом ( I took music lessons); качества или соcтояния (She was our teacher. It was cold). 2. Может сопровождаться предлогами и наречиями характерными именно для этого времени: often seldom usually somtimes always ago. 3. Может иметь указание на прошедшее время. Yestarday \last\ week \month \year on Monday ( если понедельник уже в прошлом). На прошедшее время модет указывать дата, обстоятельство места (I bought it in London, т.е. когда был в Лондоне), и придаточное предложение с союзом when . I saw him when I was at school. 4. Вопросы начинающиеся с when. When were you in Moscow? 
Present Perfect отличают следующие признаки: 1. Значение завершенности, результативности, опыта, в т.ч. и жизненного.I have seen this film. I have finished it. 2 Указание на неистекший период времени. today\ this week\ month\ year. 3. Такие " детали" как since, for, lately, recently, so far, ever. already, yet, just. We `ve just seen him. 
Past Perfect используется в этих значениях только в контексте прошедшего времени, когда нет связи с настоящим моментом речи через результат. He had just finished the play, when I met him. Он только что закончил пьесу, когда я встретился с ним. Кроме того, Past Perfect используется в придаточных предложениях при согласовании времен, когда выражает действие " более прошедшее", чем действие в главном. I knew she had studied abroad. 

Answer 2

Understanding Present Perfect, Past Perfect, and Future Perfect Tenses

Understanding the differences between the present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses can be challenging, but with some practice, it becomes easier to distinguish them. Let's break down each tense and discuss how they differ from other tenses.

Present Perfect Tense: The present perfect tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and has a connection to the present. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "have" or "has" followed by the past participle of the main verb. Some key points to remember about the present perfect tense are:

- It is used to talk about experiences, actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past, or actions that have a result in the present. - It is often used with time expressions such as "already," "yet," "just," "ever," and "never." - Examples: - "I have visited Paris." (The action of visiting Paris happened at an unspecified time in the past, and the speaker has the experience of visiting Paris.) - "She has already finished her homework." (The action of finishing homework happened before now, and the result is that her homework is completed.)

Past Perfect Tense: The past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in the past. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "had" followed by the past participle of the main verb. Some key points to remember about the past perfect tense are:

- It is used to show the sequence of two past actions, with one action happening before the other. - It is often used with time expressions such as "before," "after," "by the time," and "when." - Examples: - "I had already eaten dinner when she arrived." (The action of eating dinner happened before the action of her arrival.) - "They had finished the project before the deadline." (The action of finishing the project happened before the deadline.)

Future Perfect Tense: The future perfect tense is used to describe an action that will be completed before a specific time in the future. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "will have" followed by the past participle of the main verb. Some key points to remember about the future perfect tense are:

- It is used to talk about an action that will be completed before a specific time or another action in the future. - It is often used with time expressions such as "by," "by the time," and "before." - Examples: - "I will have finished my work by 5 PM." (The action of finishing work will be completed before 5 PM.) - "She will have graduated by the end of the year." (The action of graduating will be completed before the end of the year.)

Differentiating Present Perfect, Past Perfect, and Future Perfect Tenses

To differentiate between these tenses and other tenses, it is important to consider the context and the time frame in which the action is happening. Here are some tips to help you distinguish them:

1. Present Perfect Tense: - Look for time expressions that indicate a connection to the present, such as "already," "yet," or "just." - Consider if the action has a result in the present. - Example: "I have lost my keys." (The action of losing the keys happened in the past, but the result is that the keys are still missing.)

2. Past Perfect Tense: - Look for time expressions that indicate a sequence of past actions, such as "before," "after," or "by the time." - Consider if there are two past actions, with one happening before the other. - Example: "He had already left when I arrived." (The action of leaving happened before the action of my arrival.)

3. Future Perfect Tense: - Look for time expressions that indicate a future completion, such as "by," "by the time," or "before." - Consider if the action will be completed before a specific time or another action in the future. - Example: "They will have finished the project by tomorrow." (The action of finishing the project will be completed before tomorrow.)

Remember that practice is key to mastering these tenses. By reading and listening to examples, as well as using them in your own writing and speaking, you will become more comfortable with distinguishing present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses.

I hope this explanation helps you understand the differences between these tenses. If you have any further questions, feel free to ask!