Question

II. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct active or passive tense form. a) She (cut) her finger while she (make) some salad. b) Tom (find) the key which he (lose) yesterday. c) The castle (destroy) by the enemies in the 15th century but today it (say) to be restored.

Answer 1

Ответы:

• 1) cut; was making
• 2) has found; lost
• 3) was destroyed; is said

Пояснения:

Нужно вставить глаголы в требуемой форме.

Пункт А.

She cut her finger while she was making some salad.

Комментарий:

Первое действие — разовое, непродолжительное; второе — продолжительное, во время которого произошло первое.

Тогда первый глагол ставим в Past Simple, второй — в Past Continuous.

• Past Simple = 2-я форма глагола (cut — cut — cut) = cut.

• Past Continuous = was / were + Ving (she = 3 лицо ед.ч. => was) => was + Ving = was making.

Перевод:

Она порезала палец, когда готовила салат.

Пункт B.

Tom has found the key which he lost yesterday.

Комментарий:

В зависимой части (which he (lose) yesterday) есть сигнал yesterday => в ней должен быть Past Simple.

В первом случае нас интересует результат — ключ был найден => ставим глагол в Present Perfect.

• Past Simple = 2-я форма глагола (lose — lost — lost) = lost.

• Present Perfect = have / has (Tom = he = 3 лицо ед.ч. => has) + 3-я форма глагола (find — found — found) => has + V3 = has found.

Перевод:

Том нашел ключ, который вчера потерял.

Пункт С.

The castle was destroyed by the enemies in the 15th century, but today it is said to be restored.

Комментарий:

В первой части есть сигнал in the 15th century (в 15м веке) => в ней должен быть Past Simple.

Так как замок не совершал действие самостоятельно, а его совершали враги, должен быть пассивный залог — Past Simple Passive.

Во второй части после глагола say есть "to be", а также действие не совершается самим замком => должен быть Complex Subject в настоящем времени (Present Simple), т.к. есть сигнал today (Simple Infinitive).  

• Past Simple Passive = was / were + Ving (the castle = it = 3 лицо ед.ч. => was) + 3-я форма глагола (destroy — destroyed — destroyed) => was + V3 = was destroyed.

• Complex Subject c Simple Infinitive = am / is / are (it = 3 лицо ед.ч. => is)  + 3-я форма глагола (say — said — said) + to be + 3-я форма глагола (restore — restored — restored) = is said to be.

Перевод:

Замок был разрушен врагами в 15 веке, но сегодня, говорят, он восстановлен.

#SPJ1

Answer 2

a) She cut her finger while she was making some salad. b) Tom found the key which he had lost yesterday. c) The castle was destroyed by the enemies in the 15th century, but today it is said to be restored.