Question

1) What are the constants of the morphological level? 2) What is the morpheme? 3) What is the morphological category? 4) What are the two ways of reflecting morphological categories? 5) What are the means of representing the synthetic way of reflecting morphological categories? 6) What are the means of representing the analytical way of reflecting morphological categories? 7) What is the typology of parts of speech in the contrasted languages?допоможіть будь ласка!!!!!!!​

Answer 1

Відповідь:

1. The constants of the morphological level are the smallest units of language that carry meaning, such as morphemes and phonemes.
2. A morpheme is the smallest unit of language that carries meaning or grammatical function.
3. The morphological category is a classification of morphemes based on their grammatical function, such as tense, number, case, gender, and so on.
4. The two ways of reflecting morphological categories are synthetic and analytical.
5. The means of representing the synthetic way of reflecting morphological categories include inflectional affixes, which modify the form of a word to indicate its grammatical function or meaning, such as adding “-ed” to a verb to indicate past tense.
6. The means of representing the analytical way of reflecting morphological categories include separate words or particles that indicate the grammatical function or meaning of a word, such as using “will” to indicate future tense in English.
7. The typology of parts of speech can vary widely between languages. However, most languages have at least some basic parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, and conjunctions. Some languages may have additional parts of speech such as articles, particles, classifiers, or evidential.

Answer 2

1) Constants of the Morphological Level: Morphological constants are the inherent features that remain stable across different languages. These include concepts like morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning, and the ways in which these morphemes are combined to form words.

2) Morpheme: A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language. It can be a whole word or a part of a word, such as prefixes, suffixes, or roots. Morphemes are the building blocks of words and are essential for conveying meaning.

3) Morphological Category: A morphological category is a grammatical or lexical feature shared by a set of morphemes. It includes aspects like gender, number, tense, case, and so on. Morphological categories help convey information about the relationships between words in a sentence.

4) Two Ways of Reflecting Morphological Categories: - Synthetic Way: In this approach, morphemes are combined within a single word to convey grammatical information. For example, verb conjugations in many languages involve adding morphemes directly to the verb root. - Analytical Way: In this approach, grammatical information is conveyed through separate words or auxiliary elements rather than within a single word. For example, using auxiliary verbs or separate words to indicate tense or aspect.

5) Means of Representing the Synthetic Way: - Inflections: Adding morphemes directly to a word to indicate grammatical information. For example, adding "-ed" to a verb to indicate past tense.

6) Means of Representing the Analytical Way: - Auxiliary Verbs: Using additional verbs to convey grammatical information. For example, using "have" or "will" in English to indicate perfect or future tense. - Separate Words: Using independent words to convey grammatical meaning, such as prepositions or conjunctions.

7) Typology of Parts of Speech: The typology of parts of speech refers to the classification of words into categories based on their syntactic and morphological properties. The common parts of speech include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. The specific features and functions of these parts of speech may vary across languages.

Я сподіваюся, що це надасть вам чітке розуміння цих понять. Якщо у вас є конкретні питання, не соромтеся задавати.