Question

Read and translate the sentences, explain the formation and use of verbs in Past Perfect Passive: (Прочитайте и переведите предложения, объясните формирование и использование глаголов в Past Perfect Passive) 1.At that time he did not know his father had been arrested. 2.Only some time later did he learn that the father had been confined to the Marshalsea prison. 3.Three months later Charles was sent back to school. His father had been released from prison by that time. 4.At the age of twenty Charles became a parliamentary reporter. He had acquired some knowledge of legal cases and shorthand writing before. 5.He gave up newspaper employment soon after he had started pub­ lishing the Pickwick Papers. 6.He separated from his wife in eighteen fifty eight. He had been mar­ried for twenty two years. 7.Charles Dickens died at the age of fifty eight in 1870. His novel The Mystery of Edwin Drood had not been finished.

Answer 1

1)В то время он не знал,что его отец был арестован.
2)Только через некоторое время он узнал,что отец был заключён в тюрьму Маршалса.
3)Через несколько месяцев чарльз снов пошёл в школу.К тому времени его отец был освобождён из тюрьмы.
4)В 20 лет Чарльз стал парламентским репортёром.Он приобрёл несколько знаний о судебных делах и стенографических письмах.
5)Он отказался от работы в газете вскоре после того,как начал публиковать документы Пиквика.
6)Он развёлся со своей женой в 1858 году(наверно).Он был
 женат в 22 года.
7)Чарльз Дикенс умер в возрасте 58 лет 1870 году.Его роман "Тайна Эдвида Грона" не был закончен.

Answer 2

1. At that time he did not know his father had been arrested.

Translation: В то время он не знал, что его отца арестовали.

Formation and use of Past Perfect Passive: In this sentence, the Past Perfect Passive is used to describe an action that happened before another past action. The structure of Past Perfect Passive is formed by using the past participle of the main verb "arrest" (arrested) along with the auxiliary verb "had been." The passive voice is used to emphasize the action being done to the subject (his father) rather than the subject performing the action.

2. Only some time later did he learn that the father had been confined to the Marshalsea prison.

Translation: Только спустя какое-то время он узнал, что его отца отправили в тюрьму Маршальси.

Formation and use of Past Perfect Passive: In this sentence, the Past Perfect Passive is used again to describe an action that happened before another past action. The structure is the same as in the first sentence: past participle of the main verb "confine" (confined) and the auxiliary verb "had been."

3. Three months later Charles was sent back to school. His father had been released from prison by that time.

Translation: Три месяца спустя Чарльз был отправлен обратно в школу. К тому времени его отпустили из тюрьмы.

Formation and use of Past Perfect Passive: In this sentence, Past Perfect Passive is used to indicate an action that was completed before another past action. Charles being sent back to school is the main action, and his father being released from prison happened before that. The structure is the same as in the previous sentences: past participle of the main verb "release" (released) and the auxiliary verb "had been."

4. At the age of twenty Charles became a parliamentary reporter. He had acquired some knowledge of legal cases and shorthand writing before.

Translation: В возрасте двадцати лет Чарльз стал парламентским репортером. Он приобрел некоторые знания в области юридических дел и стенографии ранее.

Formation and use of Past Perfect Passive: In this sentence, Past Perfect Passive is used to show that an action (acquiring knowledge) was completed before another past action (Charles becoming a parliamentary reporter). The structure remains the same: past participle of the main verb "acquire" (acquired) and the auxiliary verb "had been."

5. He gave up newspaper employment soon after he had started publishing the Pickwick Papers.

Translation: Он бросил работу в газете вскоре после того, как начал публиковать "Записки Пиквикского клуба".

Formation and use of Past Perfect Passive: In this sentence, Past Perfect Passive is not used. Instead, the Past Perfect Tense is used in the active voice ("had started publishing") to indicate that an action (starting to publish the Pickwick Papers) happened before another past action (giving up newspaper employment).

6. He separated from his wife in eighteen fifty-eight. He had been married for twenty-two years.

Translation: Он разлучился с женой в тысяча восемьсот пятьдесят восьмом году. Он был женат двадцать два года.

Formation and use of Past Perfect Passive: In this sentence, Past Perfect Passive is not used either. The Past Perfect Tense is used in the active voice ("had been married") to indicate an action (being married) that was completed before another past action (separating from his wife).

7. Charles Dickens died at the age of fifty-eight in 1870. His novel The Mystery of Edwin Drood had not been finished.

Translation: Чарльз Диккенс умер в возрасте пятидесяти восьми лет в 1870 году. Его роман "Тайна Эдвина Друда" не был закончен.

Formation and use of Past Perfect Passive: In this sentence, Past Perfect Passive is used to indicate an action that was not completed before another past action. The structure is the same as before: past participle of the main verb "finish" (finished) and the auxiliary verb "had been." The use of Past Perfect Passive in this context emphasizes that the novel was unfinished at the time of Charles Dickens's death.