Question

Помогите, пожалуйста. С объяснением. Choose the correct option a-c to complete the sentences 1)....us the new price list of your products yet? We need it as soon as possible. a) did you send; b) have you sent; c) didn’t you send 2)We.....this product since the beginning of the year. a) have been producing; b) are producing; c) have produced 3)Without any reason, the customer retuned the goods that we.... a)have delivered; b) delivered c) had delivered 4)These customers.....our machines for over a decade. a) were purchasing; b) are purchasing; c) have been purchasing 5)We...almost 50% of the loan. However, we still owe of $50.000. a) have repaid; b) repaid; c) repay 6)We invoiced the client a month ago, but he still....us. a) has paid; b) hasn’t paid; c)didn’t pay

Answer 1

1) B - прошедшее простое тут не устраивает 100%. Второе предложение четко показывает, что прйслист они еще не получили, к тому же стоит частица yet как подсказка на перфект.

2) A - отражает длительность на указанный период (с начала этого года). Т.е. употребляя такую форму, мы точно подчеркиваем, что они производили и производят по сей день.

3) С - во-первых, настоящего времени здесь быть уже не может (the customer retuned), времена будут согласовываться. Простое прошедшее тоже не подходит. Почему? Т.к. перфект в прошедшем времени будет указывать, что действие произошло сначала (т.е. мы сначала, доставили, а потом он уже вернул).

4) C - та же причина, что и в 2.

P.S. можно употреблять и простой перфект, но будет уже указание, что скорее всего действие закончилось.

5) A - almost (слово-подсказка). они почти, но еще нет :(

6) B - опять же прямое указание на перфект (still).

Задание о понимании перфектных времен.  Помните, что мы всегда переводим перфект на русский в прошедшем времени, но речь в английском языке идет больше о настоящем (мы почти выплатили долг, но по факту еще не смогли, они его выплачивают\ Нам прислали прайслист? нет, они в нем нуждаются).  

Answer 2

Sure, I'd be happy to help you with the explanations for each sentence.

1. ....us the new price list of your products yet? We need it as soon as possible. a) did you send; b) have you sent; c) didn’t you send

Correct option: b) have you sent

Explanation: The question is asking about a past action with relevance to the present moment. The correct option uses the present perfect tense ("have you sent") to ask whether the person has sent the new price list. This tense is used for actions that occurred at an unspecified time before now, with a connection to the present.

2. We.....this product since the beginning of the year. a) have been producing; b) are producing; c) have produced

Correct option: a) have been producing

Explanation: The correct option uses the present perfect continuous tense ("have been producing") which indicates an action that started in the past and is still continuing in the present. The sentence implies that the production of this product started in the past and is ongoing.

3. Without any reason, the customer returned the goods that we.... a) have delivered; b) delivered c) had delivered

Correct option: c) had delivered

Explanation: The past perfect tense ("had delivered") is used here because the action of delivering the goods (to the customer) happened before another past action (the customer returning the goods). The past perfect is used to show the earlier action in the sequence of events.

4. These customers.....our machines for over a decade. a) were purchasing; b) are purchasing; c) have been purchasing

Correct option: c) have been purchasing

Explanation: The present perfect continuous tense ("have been purchasing") is used here to emphasize that the action of purchasing the machines started in the past and is still ongoing in the present. It indicates a continuous action that has been happening for a specific duration.

5. We...almost 50% of the loan. However, we still owe of $50.000. a) have repaid; b) repaid; c) repay

Correct option: a) have repaid

Explanation: The present perfect tense ("have repaid") is used here because it refers to an action that was completed in the past but has a connection to the present. The sentence indicates that the repayment process started in the past and has now reached a certain point (almost 50% repaid) with some amount still owed.

6. We invoiced the client a month ago, but he still.... a) has paid; b) hasn’t paid; c) didn’t pay

Correct option: b) hasn’t paid

Explanation: The present perfect tense ("hasn't paid") is used here to indicate an action that started in the past (the client received the invoice a month ago) and continues up to the present moment. The client hasn't paid yet, indicating the ongoing status of the payment.