Question

The turbine casing completely surrounds the rotor and provides the inlet and exhaust passages for the steam. The casings of turbine cylinders are of simple construction to minimize any distortion due to temperature changes. Casings are usually split horizontally to permit easier access for inspection and repair. The flanges are accurately machined to ensure a steam-tight metal-to-metal fit, and the flanges are strongly bolted together. Flange seals, except for corrective maintenance measures, are not normally used. In some (high temperature) units, both top and bottom casing halves are made of two vertical casings bolted together and seal-welded. The inlet end is made of alloy steel (Cr-Ni), while the exhaust end is made of carbon steel. The flanges in the casing are bolted together. One method of joining the top and bottom halves of the cylinder casing is by using flanges with machined holes. Bolts or studs are insertion into these machined holes to hold the top and bottom halves together. To prevent leakage from the joint between the top flange and the bottom flange the joint faces are accurately machined. Another method of joining the top and bottom cylinder flanges is by clamps bolted radially around the outer of the cylinder.

Answer 1

орпус турбины полностью окружает Ротор и обеспечивает впускные и выпускные каналы для пара. Кожухи цилиндров турбины простой конструкции для того чтобы уменьшить любое искажение должное к изменениям температуры. Кожухи обычно разделены горизонтально для того чтобы позволить более легкий доступ для осмотра и ремонта.

Фланцы точно подвергаются механической обработке для обеспечения пар-плотной пригонки металл-к-металла, и фланцы сильно скреплены болтами совместно. Фланцевые уплотнения, за исключением корректирующих мер обслуживания, обычно не используются. В некоторых (высокотемпературных) блоках, и верхние и нижние половины кожуха сделаны 2 вертикальных кожуха скрепленных болтами совместно и уплотнени-сваренных. Входной конец сделан из легированной стали (Cr-Ni), пока конец вытыхания сделан из стали углерода. Фланцы в кожухе скреплены болтами совместно.

Одним из способов соединения верхней и нижней половин корпуса цилиндра является использование фланцев с обработанными отверстиями. Болты или шпильки вставляются в эти обработанные отверстия, чтобы удерживать верхнюю и нижнюю половины вместе. Для предотвращения утечки из соединения между верхним фланцем и нижним фланцем грани соединения точно обрабатываются.

Другой метод соединения верхних и нижних фланцев цилиндра струбцинами скрепленными болтами радиально вокруг наружного цилиндра.

Answer 2

It seems like you are describing the construction and joining methods of turbine casings used in steam turbines. The turbine casing is an essential component that surrounds the rotor and contains the steam within the turbine. Here's a summary of the key points you mentioned:

1. Construction and Material: Turbine casings are designed with simplicity to minimize distortion due to temperature changes. They are usually made of separate top and bottom halves, split horizontally for easier inspection and repair. In some high-temperature units, both the top and bottom halves consist of two vertical casings bolted together and seal-welded. The inlet end is typically made of alloy steel (Cr-Ni) due to higher temperatures, while the exhaust end is made of carbon steel.

2. Flanges and Joining: Flanges are used to connect and secure the top and bottom halves of the casing together. These flanges are accurately machined to ensure a steam-tight metal-to-metal fit. Bolts or studs are inserted into machined holes in the flanges to hold the casing halves together tightly. This prevents any leakage from the joint between the top and bottom flanges. The use of strong bolts ensures a robust connection.

3. Flange Seals: Typically, flange seals are not used in turbine casings unless corrective maintenance measures require them. The metal-to-metal fit achieved through accurately machined flanges and strong bolting is generally sufficient to prevent steam leakage.

4. Alternative Joining Method: Another method of joining the top and bottom halves of the cylinder casing is through clamps bolted radially around the outer surface of the cylinder. This alternative approach may be used in certain turbine designs.

Overall, the design and construction of turbine casings are critical to ensure proper functioning and efficiency of the steam turbine. The use of high-quality materials, accurate machining, and secure bolting are vital to maintain a steam-tight enclosure and prevent energy losses due to steam leakage.