Question

ПОМОГИТЕ ПОЖАЛУЙСТА! СРОЧНО! Ответьте на вопросы: 1) What are the main sea-going qualities of a ship? 2) What does the steering of a ship depend on?

Answer 1

Ответ:

1)Seaworthiness includes: buoyancy, stability, unsinkability, steerability, smoothness, seaworthiness of the vessel.

2)The controllability of the vessel depends on the operation of propellers, roll, trim and draught of the vessel, wind and roughness, water depth under the keel, distance to the walls of hydraulic structures of canal brooks and bottlenecks.

Answer 2

1. The main sea-going qualities of a ship are:

• Stability: Ships need to have sufficient stability to withstand the forces of waves, wind, and cargo loading. They should be able to maintain an upright position and resist rolling, pitching, and heaving motions.

• Maneuverability: Ships should be able to change direction and navigate in various conditions. This includes the ability to turn, stop, and move astern (reverse).

• Seaworthiness: Ships should be designed to handle rough sea conditions and maintain their structural integrity. This includes features like a strong hull, watertight compartments, and proper buoyancy to stay afloat.

• Speed and Power: Ships need to have sufficient speed and power to overcome resistance from water and external factors like wind and currents. This depends on the ship's propulsion system and engine power.

• Resistance to Corrosion: Ships are exposed to saltwater and corrosive environments, so they should be constructed with materials and coatings that can withstand corrosion.

• Safety: Ships should be equipped with safety features and systems to ensure the well-being of the crew and passengers. This includes life-saving equipment, fire suppression systems, and effective communication systems.

2. The steering of a ship depends on several factors, including:

• Rudder Control: The primary means of steering a ship is through the use of a rudder. The rudder is a movable surface located at the stern (back) of the ship, which can be turned to port (left) or starboard (right) to change the direction of the vessel.

• Propulsion System: The propulsion system, such as a propeller or jet system, generates the thrust needed to move the ship forward. By adjusting the propulsion system's power and direction, the ship's course can be influenced.

• Navigation Instruments: Ship steering also relies on navigation instruments such as compasses, gyroscopes, and GPS (Global Positioning System). These instruments provide information about the ship's current heading, position, and course, which helps the crew determine the appropriate steering adjustments.

• Environmental Factors: The steering of a ship is influenced by environmental factors such as wind, current, and waves. These factors can affect the ship's course and require adjustments to maintain the desired heading.

• Ship Design: The design of the ship, including its hull shape and characteristics, can influence its steering capabilities. Factors like the placement of the rudder, the size of the ship, and its responsiveness to steering inputs can impact how easily it can be steered.

• Crew Expertise: Finally, the skill and experience of the ship's crew, particularly the helmsman or officer on watch, play a crucial role in steering the ship effectively. Proper training and understanding of the ship's handling characteristics are essential for precise steering control.