Question

VI. Прочитайте, письменно переведите и озаглавьте текст. Britain has the oldest Parliament in the world. This institution has changed over the centuries and has reflected the class structure and economic basis of feudal and capitalists societies. Parliament is held in the Palace of Westminster. This tradition dates back to Saxon times. When the king called to this place a group of powerful barons who discussed with him matters of state. The king often argued with them for his power and money. In 1215 King Henry 111 refused to accept Magna Carta. A group of powerful barons supported him. But Symon de Monfort defeated them and in 1265 called the first Parliament. From that time the king summoned Parliament and representatives of counties and cities together with the King's advisers from the clergy, and his supporters among the feudal barons met together. As the class differences between the representatives and aristocracy became more marked, the division into the «Lords» and the «Commons» took place. In the middle of the last century the House of Commons was a centre of real political power. Since those days the growth of the power of the Cabinet, based on the development of the modern party system has brought about a fundamental change. The House of Commons is still the centre of the political stage; but it isn't the centre of the real political power. The House of Commons doesn't control the Cabinet, the civil service or the armed forces. It is in fact a forum for criticism of the Government and for getting the information.

Answer 1

У Великобритании самый старый парламент в мире. Это учреждение изменилось на протяжении веков и отразило классовую структуру и экономическую основу феодального и капиталистического обществ. Парламент проходит во дворце Вестминстер. Эта традиция восходит к саксонским временам. Когда король призвал в это место группу могущественных баронов, которые обсуждали с ним дела государства. Король часто спорил с ними за его власть и деньги. В 1215 году король Генрих 111 отказался от Великой хартии вольностей. Его группу поддерживали могущественные бароны. Но Симон де Монфор победил их, а в 1265 году назвал первый парламент. С этого времени король вызвал парламент и представителей округов и городов вместе с советниками короля из духовенства, а его сторонники среди феодальных баронов собрались вместе. По мере того, как классовые различия между представителями и аристократией стали более заметными, произошло разделение на «Лордов» и «Обстоятельства». век Палата общин была центром реальной политической власти. С тех пор рост власти Кабинета, основанный на развитии современной партийной системы, привел к коренным изменениям. Палата общин по-прежнему остается центром политической сцены, но не является центром реальной политической власти. Палата общин не контролирует Кабинет, гражданскую службу или вооруженные силы. Это на самом деле форум для критики правительства, получающего информацию.

Answer 2

Title: The Evolution of the British Parliament: From Feudalism to Modern Criticism

Britain's Parliament, the oldest in the world, has undergone significant changes throughout the centuries, reflecting the class structure and economic foundations of feudal and capitalist societies. The institution is held in the Palace of Westminster, a tradition dating back to Saxon times when the king convened a group of powerful barons to discuss state matters. Conflict between the king and the barons over power and finances eventually led to the emergence of the first Parliament in 1265, established by Symon de Monfort after defeating the supporting barons.

Over time, the composition of Parliament expanded to include representatives from counties, cities, clergy, and feudal barons, as class distinctions became more pronounced. This division gave rise to the "Lords" and the "Commons." During the 19th century, the House of Commons held significant political power, but the growth of the Cabinet's authority, influenced by the development of the modern party system, led to a fundamental shift.

Today, the House of Commons remains a central figure in the political landscape, but it no longer wields real political power. It does not control the Cabinet, civil service, or armed forces. Instead, it serves as a platform for government criticism and obtaining information.