Question

Используйте калькулятор Windows для решения задачи: Дано: IP-адрес узла 172.22.32.12 Исходная маска подсети 255.255.0.0 Новая маска подсети 255.255.224.0 Найти: Сколько добавлено битов к маске подсети? Количество созданных подсетей? Количество битов узлов в подсети? Количество узлов в каждой подсети? Сетевой адрес этой подсети? Адрес IPv4 первого узла в этой подсети? Адрес IPv4 последнего узла в этой подсети Широковещательный адрес IPv4 в этой подсети?

Answer 1

1. Добавлено 3 бита, так как маска 255.255.0.0 содержит 16 единиц,
а маска 255.255.224.0 содержит 19 единиц
2. Судя по маске получим 8 подсетей,
3. Количество битов узлов подсети -13
4. В каждой подсети по 8190 узлов + адрес подсети + широковещательный адрес
5. Сетевой адрес этой подсети 172.22.32.0
6. Адрес IPv4 первого узла в этой подсети 172.22.32.1
7. Адрес IPv4 последнего узла в этой подсети 172.22.63.254
8. Широковещательный адрес IPv4 в этой подсети 172.22.63.255

Answer 2

Calculating the Number of Added Bits to the Subnet Mask

To find out how many bits were added to the subnet mask, we need to compare the binary representation of the original subnet mask (255.255.0.0) with the binary representation of the new subnet mask (255.255.224.0).

The original subnet mask (255.255.0.0) in binary is 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000. The new subnet mask (255.255.224.0) in binary is 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000.

By comparing the two binary representations, we can see that the last 11 bits have been added to the subnet mask to create the new subnet mask [[1]].

Calculating the Number of Created Subnets

To calculate the number of created subnets, we need to determine the number of possible combinations for the added bits in the subnet mask. Since 11 bits have been added, there are 2^11 (2 raised to the power of 11) possible combinations.

Therefore, the number of created subnets is 2^11 = 2048 subnets [[1]].

Calculating the Number of Host Bits in Each Subnet

To calculate the number of host bits in each subnet, we need to subtract the number of added bits from the total number of bits in an IP address, which is 32 bits.

Since 11 bits have been added to the subnet mask, the number of host bits in each subnet is 32 - 11 = 21 bits [[1]].

Calculating the Number of Hosts in Each Subnet

To calculate the number of hosts in each subnet, we need to determine the number of possible combinations for the host bits. Since there are 21 host bits, there are 2^21 (2 raised to the power of 21) possible combinations.

However, we need to subtract 2 from the total number of combinations because the first and last IP addresses in each subnet are reserved for the network address and the broadcast address, respectively.

Therefore, the number of hosts in each subnet is 2^21 - 2 = 2,097,150 hosts [[1]].

Calculating the Network Address of the Subnet

To calculate the network address of the subnet, we perform a bitwise AND operation between the IP address and the subnet mask.

IP address: 172.22.32.12 (binary: 10101100.00010110.00100000.00001100) Subnet mask: 255.255.224.0 (binary: 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000)

Performing the bitwise AND operation:

10101100.00010110.00100000.00001100 (IP address) 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000 (Subnet mask) ----------------------------------------- 10101100.00010110.00100000.00000000 (Network address)

Therefore, the network address of the subnet is 172.22.32.0 [[1]].

Calculating the IPv4 Address of the First Host in the Subnet

To calculate the IPv4 address of the first host in the subnet, we increment the network address by 1.

Therefore, the IPv4 address of the first host in the subnet is 172.22.32.1 [[1]].

Calculating the IPv4 Address of the Last Host in the Subnet

To calculate the IPv4 address of the last host in the subnet, we perform a bitwise OR operation between the network address and the bitwise complement of the subnet mask.

Network address: 172.22.32.0 (binary: 10101100.00010110.00100000.00000000) Subnet mask: 255.255.224.0 (binary: 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000)

Performing the bitwise complement of the subnet mask:

00000000.00000000.00011111.11111111 (Bitwise complement of the subnet mask)

Performing the bitwise OR operation:

10101100.00010110.00100000.00000000 (Network address) 00000000.00000000.00011111.11111111 (Bitwise complement of the subnet mask) ----------------------------------------- 10101100.00010110.00111111.11111111 (IPv4 address of the last host)

Therefore, the IPv4 address of the last host in the subnet is 172.22.63.255 [[1]].

Calculating the IPv4 Broadcast Address in the Subnet

To calculate the IPv4 broadcast address in the subnet, we perform a bitwise OR operation between the network address and the bitwise complement of the subnet mask.

Network address: 172.22.32.0 (binary: 10101100.00010110.00100000.00000000) Subnet mask: 255.255.224.0 (binary: 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000)

Performing the bitwise complement of the subnet mask:

00000000.00000000.00011111.11111111 (Bitwise complement of the subnet mask)

Performing the bitwise OR operation:

10101100.00010110.00100000.00000000 (Network address) 00000000.00000000.00011111.11111111 (Bitwise complement of the subnet mask) ----------------------------------------- 10101100.00010110.00111111.11111111 (IPv4 broadcast address)

Therefore, the IPv4 broadcast address in the subnet is 172.22.63.255 [[1]].