Question

В финале турнира Российской армии по шахматам встретились представители шести воинских званий: майор, капитан, лейтенант, старшина, сержант и еф­рейтор, разных специальностей: летчик, танкист, ар­тиллерист, минометчик, сапер и связист. Определите специальность и звание каждого из шахматистов по следующим данным: 1) в первом туре лейтенант выиграл у летчика, майор — у танкиста, а сержант — у минометчика;2) во втором туре капитан выиграл у танкиста;3) в третьем и четвертом турах минометчик из-за бо­лезни не участвовал в турнире, поэтому свободными от игры оказались капитан и ефрейтор;4) в четвертом туре майор выиграл у связиста;5) победителями турнира оказались лейтенант и майор, а хуже всех выступил сапер.

Answer 1

Майор - артиллерист
Капитан - летчик
Лейтенант - связист
Старшина - минометчик
Сержант - сапер
Ефрейтор - танкист

Answer 2

Problem Analysis

In the final of the Russian Army Chess Tournament, representatives of six military ranks and different specialties competed against each other. The given information provides clues about the outcomes of the matches and the specialties and ranks of the chess players. We need to determine the specialty and rank of each chess player based on the given data.

Solution

Let's analyze the given information step by step to determine the specialty and rank of each chess player:

1. In the first round, the lieutenant won against the pilot, the major won against the tanker, and the sergeant won against the mortarman. 2. In the second round, the captain won against the tanker. 3. In the third and fourth rounds, the mortarman did not participate due to illness, so the captain and the private were free from playing. 4. In the fourth round, the major won against the signalman. 5. The winners of the tournament were the lieutenant and the major, and the worst performer was the sapper.

Based on this information, we can determine the specialty and rank of each chess player as follows:

- Lieutenant: Specialty: Pilot, Rank: Lieutenant. The lieutenant won against the pilot in the first round. - Major: Specialty: Tanker, Rank: Major. The major won against the tanker in the first round. - Captain: Specialty: Artilleryman, Rank: Captain. The captain won against the tanker in the second round. - Private: Specialty: Sapper, Rank: Private. The private did not play in the third and fourth rounds due to the mortarman's illness. - Sergeant: Specialty: Signalman, Rank: Sergeant. The sergeant won against the mortarman in the first round and lost to the major in the fourth round. - Private: Specialty: Mortarman, Rank: Private. The mortarman did not participate in the third and fourth rounds due to illness. - Private: Specialty: Signalman, Rank: Private. The signalman lost to the major in the fourth round. - Private: Specialty: Pilot, Rank: Private. The pilot lost to the lieutenant in the first round. - Private: Specialty: Artilleryman, Rank: Private. The artilleryman did not play in the third and fourth rounds due to the mortarman's illness. - Private: Specialty: Tanker, Rank: Private. The tanker lost to the captain in the second round. - Private: Specialty: Sapper, Rank: Private. The sapper was the worst performer in the tournament.

Therefore, the specialty and rank of each chess player are as follows:

1. Lieutenant: Specialty: Pilot, Rank: Lieutenant 2. Major: Specialty: Tanker, Rank: Major 3. Captain: Specialty: Artilleryman, Rank: Captain 4. Private: Specialty: Sapper, Rank: Private 5. Sergeant: Specialty: Signalman, Rank: Sergeant 6. Private: Specialty: Mortarman, Rank: Private

Please note that the given information does not provide the specialties and ranks of the remaining chess players.