Question

Рассчитайте число молекул (закон Авогадро ) в следующих газах , взятых по 30 литров : H2S , H2 , NH3 , SO3 . 

Answer 1

Calculation of the Number of Molecules in the Given Gases

To calculate the number of molecules in the given gases, we can use Avogadro's law, which states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.

Given that the volume of each gas is 30 liters, we can calculate the number of molecules using the following formula:

Number of Molecules = (Number of moles) x (Avogadro's number)

To find the number of moles, we can use the ideal gas law:

Number of moles = (Pressure x Volume) / (Gas constant x Temperature)

Since the temperature and pressure are not provided, we will assume standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 Kelvin) and 1 atmosphere (101.325 kilopascals or 760 millimeters of mercury).

Let's calculate the number of molecules for each gas:

1. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S): - Molecular formula: H2S - Molecular weight: 34.08 grams/mole - Number of moles = (Pressure x Volume) / (Gas constant x Temperature) - Assuming STP, the pressure is 1 atmosphere, the volume is 30 liters, and the gas constant is 0.0821 liter·atm/(mol·K) - Number of moles = (1 atm x 30 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) x 273.15 K) - Number of moles = 1.23 moles - Number of molecules = (Number of moles) x (Avogadro's number) - Number of molecules = 1.23 moles x 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mole - Number of molecules = 7.41 x 10^23 molecules

2. Hydrogen (H2): - Molecular formula: H2 - Molecular weight: 2.02 grams/mole - Number of moles = (Pressure x Volume) / (Gas constant x Temperature) - Assuming STP, the pressure is 1 atmosphere, the volume is 30 liters, and the gas constant is 0.0821 liter·atm/(mol·K) - Number of moles = (1 atm x 30 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) x 273.15 K) - Number of moles = 1.23 moles - Number of molecules = (Number of moles) x (Avogadro's number) - Number of molecules = 1.23 moles x 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mole - Number of molecules = 7.41 x 10^23 molecules

3. Ammonia (NH3): - Molecular formula: NH3 - Molecular weight: 17.03 grams/mole - Number of moles = (Pressure x Volume) / (Gas constant x Temperature) - Assuming STP, the pressure is 1 atmosphere, the volume is 30 liters, and the gas constant is 0.0821 liter·atm/(mol·K) - Number of moles = (1 atm x 30 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) x 273.15 K) - Number of moles = 1.23 moles - Number of molecules = (Number of moles) x (Avogadro's number) - Number of molecules = 1.23 moles x 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mole - Number of molecules = 7.41 x 10^23 molecules

4. Sulfur trioxide (SO3): - Molecular formula: SO3 - Molecular weight: 80.06 grams/mole - Number of moles = (Pressure x Volume) / (Gas constant x Temperature) - Assuming STP, the pressure is 1 atmosphere, the volume is 30 liters, and the gas constant is 0.0821 liter·atm/(mol·K) - Number of moles = (1 atm x 30 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) x 273.15 K) - Number of moles = 1.23 moles - Number of molecules = (Number of moles) x (Avogadro's number) - Number of molecules = 1.23 moles x 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mole - Number of molecules = 7.41 x 10^23 molecules

Therefore, the number of molecules in each gas, taken at 30 liters, is approximately 7.41 x 10^23 molecules.

Please note that the calculations assume STP conditions and may vary under different temperature and pressure conditions.