Question

Запишите номера веществ в порядке увеличения полярности связи в них: 1) H2J 2)NaCl 3)F2 4)HCl 5)NaBr

Answer 1

Первое, видимо, НI.
3, 4, 1, 5, 2.

Answer 2

Ordering Substances by Increasing Polarity of Bonds:

To determine the order of substances based on the increasing polarity of bonds, we need to consider the electronegativity of the atoms involved in the bonds. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. The greater the electronegativity difference between two atoms, the more polar the bond will be.

Let's analyze each substance and determine the order of increasing polarity of bonds:

1) H2O: Water (H2O) is a polar molecule due to the electronegativity difference between hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, so the oxygen atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly, creating a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the polarity of the bond in water is higher than in the other substances.

2) NaCl: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound composed of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) ions. Ionic bonds are formed between metals and nonmetals, where electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the nonmetal atom. In NaCl, sodium loses an electron to chlorine, resulting in a positively charged sodium ion (Na+) and a negatively charged chloride ion (Cl-). Ionic bonds are highly polar due to the complete transfer of electrons.

3) F2: Fluorine (F2) is a diatomic molecule composed of two fluorine atoms. Fluorine is the most electronegative element on the periodic table, so the bond between the two fluorine atoms is highly polar. The electronegativity difference between the two fluorine atoms is the highest among the given substances, making the bond in F2 highly polar.

4) HCl: Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a polar molecule. Chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen, resulting in a partial negative charge on the chlorine atom and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atom. The electronegativity difference between chlorine and hydrogen is lower than that between oxygen and hydrogen in water, so the polarity of the bond in HCl is lower than in water.

5) NaBr: Sodium bromide (NaBr) is an ionic compound similar to NaCl. It consists of sodium (Na) and bromine (Br) ions. The bond in NaBr is ionic and highly polar due to the complete transfer of electrons from sodium to bromine.

Based on the analysis above, the substances can be ordered in increasing polarity of bonds as follows:

2) NaCl < 5) NaBr < 4) HCl < 3) F2 < 1) H2O.

Please note that this order is based on the electronegativity differences between the atoms in the substances, which determine the polarity of the bonds.