Question

Пластиды,осуществляющее фотосинтез.

Answer 1

Такие пластиды называются хлоропластами.

Answer 2

Plastids and Photosynthesis

Plastids are a group of organelles found in the cells of plants and algae. They are responsible for various functions, including photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. Photosynthesis occurs in specific types of plastids called chloroplasts.

Chloroplasts are the plastids primarily responsible for photosynthesis. They contain a pigment called chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy. This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through a series of chemical reactions. The glucose produced during photosynthesis serves as a source of energy for the plant, while oxygen is released into the atmosphere as a byproduct.

Chloroplasts have a unique structure that enables them to carry out photosynthesis efficiently. They have an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and a thylakoid membrane system. The thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll and other pigments that capture light energy. The space inside the thylakoid membranes is called the thylakoid lumen, while the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoid membranes is called the stroma.

Within the chloroplasts, photosynthesis occurs in two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (also known as the Calvin cycle). During the light-dependent reactions, light energy is used to generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), which are energy-rich molecules. These molecules are then used in the light-independent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

In summary, plastids, specifically chloroplasts, are responsible for carrying out photosynthesis in plants and algae. They contain chlorophyll, which captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process is essential for the survival and growth of plants.