Question

Какова роль биосинтеза в клетке

Answer 1

Биосинтез белка – один из важнейших процессов обмена веществ в клетке. В ходе такого синтеза формируются биополимеры – сложные молекулы белков, состоящие из мономеров – аминокислот (см. § 4). Биосинтез белков протекает в цитоплазме клетки, а точнее – на рибосомах с участием матричной РНК – мРНК (еще ее называют информационной РНК – иРНК) и транспортной РНК (тРНК) под контролем ДНК ядра.

Answer 2

Процессы ассимиляции и диссимиляции. Распад молекул белка на аминокислоты, жиров на глицерин и жирные кислоты, полисахаридов до моносахаридов (глюкоза, фруктоза и т. п. ) , ДНК и РНК на нуклеиновые кислоты и дезоксирибозу/рибозу и синтез своих белков, жиров и углеводов, необходимых для жизнедеятельности клетки! 

Answer 3

The Role of Biosynthesis in a Cell

Biosynthesis plays a crucial role in the functioning of a cell. It refers to the process by which living organisms produce complex molecules from simpler ones. This process is essential for the growth, development, and maintenance of cells and organisms. Biosynthesis involves the synthesis of various molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, which are vital for the cell's structure and function.

Protein Biosynthesis: One of the most important aspects of biosynthesis is the production of proteins. Proteins are essential for various cellular processes, such as enzymatic reactions, cell signaling, and structural support. Protein biosynthesis occurs in two main steps: transcription and translation. During transcription, the DNA sequence is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA then serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins during translation. This process involves the assembly of amino acids according to the genetic code carried by the mRNA.

Nucleic Acid Biosynthesis: Biosynthesis also includes the production of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. DNA carries the genetic information that determines an organism's traits, while RNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. Nucleic acid biosynthesis involves the replication of DNA during cell division and the transcription of DNA into mRNA.

Lipid Biosynthesis: Lipids are essential components of cell membranes and serve as a source of energy. Lipid biosynthesis involves the synthesis of fatty acids, glycerol, and other lipid molecules. These molecules are then assembled into complex structures, such as phospholipids and triglycerides, which are important for cell membrane integrity and energy storage.

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis: Carbohydrates are a major source of energy for cells. Biosynthesis of carbohydrates involves