Question

Сходства и различия ламарка и дарвина в изучении мира

Answer 1

Теория Ламарка создана метафизическом, а в основе теория Дарвина - материалистическое мировоззрение.

2. Движущие силы эволюции по Ламарку это стремление вида к совершенствованию, взаимодействию с окружающей средой. У Дарвина факторами эволюции являются естественный отбор, борьба за существование, наследственная изменчивость, изоляция.

3. Ламарк считал, что наследуются только полезные признаки, по Дарвину - наследуются полезные, вредные и нейтральные признаки.

4. Ламарк показал изменчивость видов в процессе исторического развития, Дарвин вскрыл механизмы изменчивости, приспособленности, происхождения видов.

Answer 2

Similarities and Differences between Lamarck and Darwin in the Study of the World

Similarities:

1. Recognition of Evolution: Both Lamarck and Darwin recognized the concept of evolution, which is the idea that species change over time.

2. Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics: Both Lamarck and Darwin proposed that organisms can pass on acquired traits to their offspring. Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics suggests that traits acquired during an organism's lifetime can be inherited by the next generation. Darwin also acknowledged the possibility of acquired traits being passed on, although he emphasized the role of natural selection in driving evolutionary change.

Differences:

1. Mechanism of Evolution: Lamarck proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics as the main mechanism of evolution. He believed that organisms could change their traits in response to their environment and pass on these acquired traits to their offspring. In contrast, Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection emphasized the role of variation, heritability, and differential reproductive success in driving evolutionary change. According to Darwin, individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the gradual accumulation of beneficial traits in a population over time.

2. Timescale of Evolution: Lamarck's theory suggested that evolution occurs within the lifetime of an individual organism, with acquired traits being passed on to the next generation. In contrast, Darwin's theory proposed that evolution occurs over long periods of time, with gradual changes accumulating in populations over generations.

3. Source of Variation: Lamarck believed that variation arises from an organism's direct interaction with its environment and the use or disuse of certain traits. Darwin, on the other hand, proposed that variation arises from random genetic mutations, which provide the raw material for natural selection to act upon.

4. Pattern of Evolution: Lamarck's theory suggested a linear progression of species, with simple organisms gradually evolving into more complex ones. Darwin's theory, however, proposed a branching pattern of evolution, with species diversifying and adapting to different environments over time.

5. Acceptance and Influence: Lamarck's ideas were initially more widely accepted than Darwin's during their lifetimes. However, Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection gained widespread acceptance and has had a profound influence on the field of biology, while Lamarck's ideas have been largely discredited.

It is important to note that the scientific community widely accepts Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection as the primary mechanism of evolution, while Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics is considered outdated and unsupported by empirical evidence.