Question

Какие процессы в нашем организме управляются только с помощью нервов, а какие - с помощью гормонов.подготовка к опасности, глотание, регулирование температуры, ходьба, переваривание пищи, сердцебиение, бег, рост организма, движение руки, чихание.

Answer 1

Подг к оп- гормоны Глот-нервы темп-гормоны Ходьба -нервы Перев пищи-нервы гормоны Сердце-нервы гормоныбег-нервы Рост-гормоны Движ руки-нервы чихание-нервы

Answer 2

Processes Controlled by Nerves

Several processes in our body are primarily controlled by nerves. These processes include:

1. Preparation for Danger: When we encounter a potentially dangerous situation, our body prepares for fight or flight. This response is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the sympathetic division, which triggers the release of stress hormones like adrenaline. This response increases heart rate, dilates the pupils, and diverts blood flow to the muscles, preparing the body to respond to the threat.

2. Swallowing: Swallowing is a complex process that involves the coordination of various muscles in the mouth, throat, and esophagus. The nerves in these muscles work together to control the movement and coordination required for swallowing.

3. Regulation of Body Temperature: The hypothalamus, a part of the brain, plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature. It receives information from temperature receptors in the skin and internal organs and sends signals through the autonomic nervous system to adjust the body's temperature. For example, when the body is too hot, the hypothalamus triggers sweating and dilation of blood vessels to cool down the body.

4. Walking: Walking is a complex motor activity that involves the coordination of various muscles and joints. The brain sends signals through the nerves to control the contraction and relaxation of muscles, allowing us to walk in a coordinated manner.

5. Digestion: The process of digestion is controlled by both nerves and hormones. The enteric nervous system, also known as the "second brain," controls the movement of food through the digestive tract and the secretion of digestive enzymes. Additionally, hormones like gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin are released by the digestive organs to regulate digestion.

6. Heartbeat: The heartbeat is controlled by the electrical signals generated by the sinoatrial (SA) node, also known as the natural pacemaker of the heart. These signals are transmitted through specialized nerve fibers, specifically the cardiac conduction system, to coordinate the contraction of the heart muscles and maintain a regular heartbeat.

7. Hand Movement: The movement of the hand is controlled by a combination of nerves and muscles. The brain sends signals through the nerves to the muscles in the hand, allowing us to perform various tasks like grasping, writing, and manipulating objects.

8. Sneezing: Sneezing is a reflex action that helps to clear the nasal passages of irritants. It is triggered by the stimulation of nerve endings in the nasal lining, which send signals to the brain. The brain then sends signals back through the nerves to the muscles involved in sneezing, resulting in a forceful expulsion of air through the nose and mouth.

Processes Controlled by Hormones

Certain processes in our body are primarily regulated by hormones. These processes include:

1. Growth: The growth of the body is primarily regulated by growth hormones, such as human growth hormone (HGH), which is produced by the pituitary gland. These hormones stimulate the growth and development of bones, muscles, and other tissues.

2. Running: When we engage in intense physical activity like running, the body releases hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones increase heart rate, blood flow, and energy production, preparing the body for sustained physical exertion.

In summary, while many processes in our body involve the coordination of both nerves and hormones, some processes are primarily controlled by nerves, such as preparation for danger, swallowing, regulation of body temperature, walking, digestion, heartbeat, hand movement, and sneezing. On the other hand, processes like growth and running are primarily regulated by hormones.