Question

Почему биосфера является открытой системой , а круговороты замкнуты?

Answer 1

Потому что в биосфере вещества циркулируют из внешней среды в организмы и потом опять во внешнюю среду. а в круговороте вещества выходят из организмов во внешную среду а потом возвращаются обратно.

Answer 2

Biosphere as an Open System

The biosphere is considered an open system because it exchanges matter and energy with its surroundings. An open system is one that interacts with its environment, allowing the transfer of energy and matter across its boundaries. In the case of the biosphere, it receives energy from the sun through photosynthesis and releases heat back into the environment. It also exchanges matter with other components of the Earth system, such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

The biosphere encompasses all living organisms on Earth and the environments in which they exist. It includes ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, oceans, and deserts, as well as the interactions between organisms and their physical surroundings. These interactions involve the exchange of energy and matter, allowing for the cycling of nutrients and the maintenance of life.

Closed Nature of Biogeochemical Cycles

While the biosphere is an open system, the biogeochemical cycles within it are considered closed. Biogeochemical cycles, such as the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and water cycle, involve the movement of elements and compounds through different reservoirs in the biosphere, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and organisms.

These cycles are closed because the total amount of a particular element or compound remains relatively constant over time. While there may be inputs and outputs of these elements and compounds from the biosphere, the overall amount within the system remains balanced. For example, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere through processes like respiration and combustion, but it is also absorbed by plants during photosynthesis, creating a balance in the carbon cycle.

The closed nature of biogeochemical cycles ensures the sustainability of life on Earth by maintaining the availability of essential elements and compounds. It allows for the recycling and reuse of nutrients, which are vital for the growth and survival of organisms.

Conclusion

In summary, the biosphere is an open system that interacts with its environment, exchanging energy and matter. However, the biogeochemical cycles within the biosphere are considered closed, as they involve the cycling of elements and compounds while maintaining a relatively constant total amount. This closed nature ensures the sustainability of life on Earth by allowing for the recycling and reuse of essential nutrients.