Question

срочно прошу строение лишайников

Answer 1

Наверное так
незнаю
п

Answer 2

Строение лишайника: тело — слоевище состоит из нитей гриба, между которыми находятся одноклеточные водоросли.

Answer 3

Structure of Lichens

Lichens are unique organisms that are composed of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga or a cyanobacterium. The structure of lichens can vary depending on the specific species, but they generally consist of three main components: the fungal partner, the photosynthetic partner, and the protective layer.

1. Fungal Partner: The fungal partner in lichens is usually an ascomycete fungus. This fungus provides the structural framework for the lichen and absorbs water and nutrients from the environment. It also plays a crucial role in protecting the photosynthetic partner from excessive light and desiccation.

2. Photosynthetic Partner: The photosynthetic partner in lichens can be either an alga or a cyanobacterium. This partner is responsible for photosynthesis, producing organic compounds that both partners can utilize for energy. The photosynthetic partner is typically located within the fungal tissue.

3. Protective Layer: Lichens have a protective layer called the cortex, which is composed of fungal cells. The cortex helps to shield the lichen from environmental stresses such as desiccation, UV radiation, and extreme temperatures. It also provides structural support to the lichen.

Within the lichen structure, there are also specialized structures that serve specific functions:

- Rhizines: Rhizines are root-like structures that anchor the lichen to its substrate. They help the lichen to attach to various surfaces such as rocks, tree bark, or soil.

- Medulla: The medulla is the innermost layer of the lichen thallus (body). It consists of loosely packed fungal hyphae and provides a storage area for water and nutrients.

- Apothecia: Some lichens produce reproductive structures called apothecia. These cup-shaped or disk-shaped structures contain the fungal reproductive cells, known as spores. Apothecia are often visible on the surface of the lichen and can vary in color and shape.

- Soredia and Isidia: Lichens can also reproduce asexually through the production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are small clusters of fungal cells and algae or cyanobacteria that can be dispersed by wind or water. Isidia are small outgrowths or projections on the lichen thallus that can break off and develop into new lichens.

It's important to note that the structure of lichens can vary greatly depending on the species and environmental conditions. Lichens are incredibly adaptable and can be found in a wide range of habitats, from deserts to polar regions.