Question

Отдели почку от побега,рассмотри её внешнее строение.Какие приспособления имеются у почек к перенесению неблагоприятных условий?

Answer 1

Почки покрыты кожистыми кроющими чешуями и залиты смолой от вредителей, дождя и ветра.

Answer 2

Structure of a Kidney and Adaptations to Unfavorable Conditions

The kidney is a vital organ responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and regulating the body's fluid balance. It consists of several distinct regions, including the renal cortex, renal medulla, and renal pelvis. Each kidney contains millions of functional units called nephrons, which are responsible for filtering the blood and producing urine.

External Structure of the Kidney: The kidney is a bean-shaped organ with a smooth, convex lateral border and a concave medial border. It is reddish-brown in color and is surrounded by a tough, fibrous renal capsule. The concave medial border contains a region called the hilum, where the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter enter and exit the kidney.

Adaptations for Coping with Unfavorable Conditions: The nephrons within the kidney have several adaptations to cope with unfavorable conditions, such as changes in blood pressure, temperature, and fluid balance. These adaptations include:

1. Renal Blood Flow Regulation: The kidneys can regulate their blood flow to maintain a stable filtration rate despite changes in blood pressure. This is achieved through the constriction or dilation of the afferent and efferent arterioles within the nephrons.

2. Concentration of Urine: The nephrons have the ability to concentrate urine in response to dehydration or low fluid intake. This is achieved through the reabsorption of water and solutes in the renal tubules, leading to the production of concentrated urine and conservation of water.

3. Maintenance of Electrolyte Balance: The nephrons play a crucial role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance by selectively reabsorbing or secreting ions such as sodium, potassium, and calcium based on the body's needs.

4. Response to Hormonal Signals: The kidney responds to hormonal signals, such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone, to regulate water reabsorption and electrolyte balance in the body.

These adaptations enable the kidneys to maintain homeostasis and cope with various unfavorable conditions, ensuring the body's internal environment remains stable.