Question

В чем особенности строения слоевища кустистых лишайников?

Answer 1

Слоевище имеет форму столбиков, которые срастаются с субстратом лишь основанием. они растут вертикально это позволяет лучше усваивать солнечный свет для фотосинтеза. 

Answer 2

Structure of Foliose Lichens

Foliose lichens are characterized by their leafy, flat, and often lobed structure. They consist of two main layers:

1. Upper Cortex: - The upper surface of the lichen is covered by a protective layer called the upper cortex. - This layer helps protect the lichen from desiccation and excessive light exposure. - The upper cortex is often pigmented, which provides some protection against UV radiation.

2. Lower Cortex: - Beneath the upper cortex lies the lower cortex, which also serves a protective function. - The lower cortex helps anchor the lichen to the substrate and provides structural support.

Additional Features

- Photobiont: Foliose lichens have a layer containing the photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria, known as the photobiont. This layer is located between the upper and lower cortex and is responsible for photosynthesis.

- Rhizines: These are root-like structures that extend from the lower cortex and attach the lichen to the substrate. They aid in nutrient absorption and provide stability.

- Thallus: The entire body of the foliose lichen, including the upper and lower cortex, photobiont, and rhizines, is referred to as the thallus.

In summary, the structure of foliose lichens is characterized by the presence of upper and lower cortex layers, a photobiont layer responsible for photosynthesis, and rhizines for attachment and nutrient absorption.

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