Question

Перечислить пожалуйста функции пластиков и митохондрия

Answer 1

Пластиды: синтез органических веществ.
Митохондрии: осуществляется синтез АТФ

Answer 2

Functions of Plastids:

Plastids are a group of organelles found in plant cells that play various essential roles. Here are some functions of plastids:

1. Photosynthesis: Plastids, specifically chloroplasts, are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures light energy and uses it to produce glucose and oxygen.

2. Storage: Plastids can store various substances, including starch, lipids, and pigments. Amyloplasts, a type of plastid, store starch, which serves as an energy reserve in plants. Chromoplasts store pigments, such as carotenoids, which give fruits and flowers their vibrant colors.

3. Synthesis of Essential Molecules: Plastids are involved in the synthesis of essential molecules required for plant growth and development. For example, chloroplasts synthesize amino acids, lipids, and hormones.

4. Conversion of Pigments: Chromoplasts, a type of plastid, are responsible for converting chlorophyll into other pigments, such as carotenoids. This conversion is important for the coloration of fruits and flowers.

5. Defense Mechanisms: Plastids can play a role in plant defense mechanisms. For example, they can produce secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids and terpenoids, which act as chemical defenses against herbivores and pathogens.

Functions of Mitochondria:

Mitochondria are organelles found in most eukaryotic cells, including plant and animal cells. They are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell due to their crucial role in energy production. Here are some functions of mitochondria:

1. ATP Production: Mitochondria generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy currency of the cell, through a process called cellular respiration. This process involves the breakdown of glucose and other molecules to produce ATP, which is used for various cellular activities.

2. Cellular Respiration: Mitochondria are involved in cellular respiration, which is the process of converting glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. This process occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and involves several enzymatic reactions.

3. Apoptosis Regulation: Mitochondria play a role in regulating programmed cell death, known as apoptosis. They release molecules that initiate or regulate the apoptotic process, which is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis and eliminating damaged or unnecessary cells.

4. Calcium Regulation: Mitochondria are involved in regulating calcium levels within the cell. They can take up and release calcium ions, which are important for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, cell signaling, and metabolism.

5. Fatty Acid Oxidation: Mitochondria are responsible for the oxidation of fatty acids, a process that generates energy when glucose levels are low. This allows cells to utilize stored fats as an energy source.

It's important to note that both plastids and mitochondria have additional functions beyond those mentioned above. These organelles are highly dynamic and can adapt to the specific needs of the cell and organism they are present in.

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