Question

Основу нервной системы составляют нервные клетки-______________ Они выполняют функции______________,__________И______________информации.Нервные клетки состоят из_______________,________ и не рвных_______________________-рецепторов

Answer 1

нейрон

восприяти е проведение обработку и формирование ответной приспособительной  реакции

нейрона и аксонов (отростков)

Answer 2

The Nervous System and its Components

The nervous system is a complex network of cells that plays a crucial role in transmitting and processing information throughout the body. The basic unit of the nervous system is the nerve cell, also known as a neuron. Neurons are specialized cells that carry electrical signals, known as nerve impulses, to and from different parts of the body.

Neurons perform three main functions in the nervous system:

1. Sensory Function: Neurons receive information from sensory organs, such as the eyes, ears, skin, and internal organs, and transmit this information to the brain and spinal cord for processing. This allows us to perceive and respond to our environment.

2. Integration Function: Neurons in the brain and spinal cord process and interpret the sensory information received from the sensory neurons. They integrate this information with stored memories and generate appropriate responses.

3. Motor Function: Neurons transmit signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands, enabling voluntary and involuntary movements and controlling various bodily functions.

Structure of Neurons

Neurons have a unique structure that allows them to carry out their functions effectively. They consist of the following components:

1. Cell Body: Also known as the soma, the cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for the neuron's metabolic functions.

2. Dendrites: Dendrites are branching extensions that receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors and transmit them towards the cell body.

3. Axon: The axon is a long, slender projection that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body and transmits them to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

4. Synapses: Synapses are specialized junctions between neurons where the transmission of signals occurs. They allow neurons to communicate with each other by transmitting chemical or electrical signals.

Receptors in Neurons

In addition to the components mentioned above, neurons also possess specialized structures called receptors. Receptors are sensory structures that detect and respond to specific stimuli, such as light, sound, pressure, or chemicals. They play a crucial role in converting external stimuli into electrical signals that can be processed by the nervous system.

Receptors can be found in various parts of the body, depending on their specific function. For example, the retina of the eye contains receptors that respond to light, while the skin has receptors that detect touch, temperature, and pain.

In summary, the nervous system is composed of nerve cells called neurons, which perform sensory, integration, and motor functions. Neurons consist of a cell body, dendrites, an axon, and synapses. Additionally, neurons possess receptors that detect and respond to specific stimuli. These components work together to enable the transmission and processing of information in the nervous system.