Question

Микроскопическое строение мышц

Answer 1

1. Сухожилие
2. Скелетная мышца
3. Мышечное волокно
4. Ядра
5. Плазматическая мембрана
6. Клетки
7. Микроволокна 

Answer 2

Microscopic Structure of Muscles

The microscopic structure of muscles is composed of several key components that work together to enable muscle contraction and movement. These components include muscle fibers, myofibrils, sarcomeres, and myofilaments.

Muscle Fibers: Muscle fibers, also known as muscle cells, are the basic structural units of muscles. They are long, cylindrical cells that run parallel to each other within a muscle. Muscle fibers are multinucleated, meaning they contain multiple nuclei.

Myofibrils: Myofibrils are thread-like structures that run the length of muscle fibers. They are composed of repeating units called sarcomeres. Myofibrils are responsible for muscle contraction and contain the proteins actin and myosin, which interact to generate force.

Sarcomeres: Sarcomeres are the functional units of myofibrils. They are the smallest contractile units of muscles and are responsible for muscle contraction. Sarcomeres are composed of overlapping actin and myosin filaments, which slide past each other during contraction.

Myofilaments: Myofilaments are the protein filaments that make up the sarcomeres. There are two types of myofilaments: actin and myosin. Actin filaments are thin filaments, while myosin filaments are thick filaments. During muscle contraction, myosin heads bind to actin filaments and pull them closer together, causing the sarcomere to shorten.

The arrangement of actin and myosin filaments within the sarcomeres gives muscles their striated appearance under a microscope. This striated pattern is characteristic of skeletal and cardiac muscles.