Question

какие формы клеток встречаются в природе и чем обусловлено их разнообразие

Answer 1

Формы клеток также очень разнообразны. Некоторые из них приведены на рисунке  Клетки живых организмов могут иметь вид шара, многогранника, звезды, цилиндра и других фигур.Рисунок 2. Формы клеток:
1 - клетка крови - лимфоцит;
2 - клетка печени - гепатоцит;
3 - клетка костной ткани - остеобласт;
4 - клетка мерцательного эпителия;
5 - бокаловидная клетка слизистой оболочки толстой кишки;
6 - мужская половая клетка (сперматозоид);
7 - клетка нервной ткани - нейрон        Несмотря на то, что клетки имеют разные формы и размеры, выполняют различные и часто весьма специфические функции, они, в принципе, имеют одинаковое строение, то есть у них можно выделить общие структурные единицы. 

Answer 2

Forms of Cells in Nature and Their Diversity

Cells are the basic building blocks of life and can be found in a wide variety of forms in nature. The diversity of cell forms is primarily determined by the specific functions they perform and the environments in which they exist.

1. Prokaryotic Cells: Prokaryotic cells are simple, single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They are typically smaller in size compared to eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea. Prokaryotic cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a circular DNA molecule. They may also have additional structures such as flagella for movement and pili for attachment.

2. Eukaryotic Cells: Eukaryotic cells are more complex and can be found in both single-celled organisms (such as protists) and multicellular organisms (such as plants, animals, and fungi). Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus that houses the genetic material (DNA) and various membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. These organelles perform specific functions within the cell. Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more structurally diverse than prokaryotic cells.

3. Plant Cells: Plant cells are a type of eukaryotic cell that is unique to plants. They have additional structures that are not found in animal cells, such as a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a large central vacuole for storage of water and nutrients. Plant cells also have specialized structures called plasmodesmata, which allow for communication and transport between adjacent cells.

4. Animal Cells: Animal cells are another type of eukaryotic cell that is unique to animals. They do not have a cell wall like plant cells, but instead have a flexible cell membrane. Animal cells may have various specialized structures depending on their function, such as cilia or flagella for movement, centrioles for cell division, and different types of organelles for specific metabolic processes.

5. Specialized Cells: In addition to the general forms mentioned above, there are numerous specialized cell types in nature that have unique structures and functions. These specialized cells are adapted to perform specific tasks within an organism. Examples include nerve cells (neurons) for transmitting electrical signals, muscle cells for contraction, red blood cells for oxygen transport, and skin cells for protection. Each specialized cell type has distinct characteristics that enable it to carry out its specific function.

The diversity of cell forms in nature is influenced by various factors, including evolutionary processes, environmental conditions, and the specific requirements of different organisms. Through the process of evolution, cells have developed different structures and functions that allow them to thrive in different habitats and perform a wide range of tasks. This diversity of cell forms is essential for the functioning and survival of living organisms.

Please note that the information provided above is based on search results and snippets from various sources.