Question

В чем заключалась особенность постановки опытов Пастера по сравнению с опытами Реди

Answer 1

В XVII в. опыты Реди показали, что без мух черви в гниющем мясе не обнаружатся, а если прокипятить органические растворы, то микроорганизмы в них не смогут зарождаться (суждение, известное сейчас любой хозяйке, занимающейся консервированием продуктов). И только в 60-х гг. XIX в. Пастер (1822—1895) в своих опытах продемонстрировал, что микроорганизмы появляются в органических растворах только потому, что туда раньше был внесен зародыш. Пастером фактически была открыта природа брожения. Он ввел методы асептики и антисептики, а в 1888 г. создал и возглавил институт микробиологии (впоследствии Пастеровский институт).

Answer 2

Difference in Pasteur's and Redi's Experiments

Louis Pasteur's experiments differed from those of Francesco Redi in several key ways:

1. Nature of Experiments: - Redi's experiments focused on disproving the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots do not spontaneously arise from decaying meat but are instead the offspring of flies. - Pasteur's experiments aimed to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation by showing that microorganisms do not arise spontaneously but are introduced from the environment.

2. Experimental Set-Up: - Redi used covered and uncovered jars with decaying meat to observe the presence or absence of maggots, demonstrating that maggots only appeared in the uncovered jars where flies could access the meat. - Pasteur used swan-necked flasks that allowed air to enter but prevented dust and microorganisms from reaching the nutrient broth, showing that the broth remained free of microbial growth as long as the flask's neck remained intact.

3. Timeframe and Scale: - Redi's experiments were conducted in the 17th century and focused on macroscopic organisms like maggots, providing evidence against spontaneous generation at that level. - Pasteur's experiments were conducted in the 19th century and focused on microscopic organisms, providing evidence against spontaneous generation at the microbial level.

4. Impact and Legacy: - Redi's experiments were instrumental in challenging the prevailing belief in spontaneous generation and laying the groundwork for future experiments in microbiology and the scientific method. - Pasteur's experiments further solidified the rejection of spontaneous generation and contributed significantly to the development of germ theory and modern microbiology, leading to practical applications in medicine and food preservation.

In summary, while both Redi and Pasteur aimed to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation, their experiments differed in terms of the nature of the organisms studied, the experimental set-up, the timeframe and scale of the experiments, and their respective impacts on the fields of biology and microbiology.