Question

Чем отличаеться пассивный от активного имунетета

Answer 1

Активный иммунитет появляется с рождения, пассивный же появляется после введения в организм кровь вакцины с ослабленным или предварительно убитым патогенным микроорганизмом(прививка)

Answer 2

Passive Immunity vs Active Immunity

Passive immunity and active immunity are two different types of immune responses in the body. Here's how they differ:

Passive Immunity: Passive immunity refers to the temporary protection against a specific pathogen that is acquired from an external source. In passive immunity, the immune system does not produce its own antibodies or memory cells. Instead, pre-formed antibodies are transferred from one individual to another. This transfer can occur naturally, such as from a mother to her baby through breast milk or during pregnancy, or artificially, through the administration of antibodies derived from another individual or animal.

Passive immunity provides immediate protection against the specific pathogen but does not confer long-term immunity. The transferred antibodies provide a temporary defense until they are naturally eliminated from the body. As a result, passive immunity is short-lived and requires repeated administration to maintain protection.

Active Immunity: Active immunity, on the other hand, is the immune response that occurs when the body's immune system recognizes a pathogen and mounts a defense. It involves the production of antibodies and memory cells by the immune system in response to exposure to a specific pathogen. Active immunity can be acquired naturally through infection or artificially through vaccination.

Active immunity provides long-term protection against the specific pathogen. The immune system "remembers" the pathogen and can mount a rapid and effective response upon re-exposure. This is due to the presence of memory cells that retain information about the pathogen and can quickly produce antibodies to neutralize it.

Key Differences:

1. Source of Protection: - Passive immunity: Obtained from an external source, such as pre-formed antibodies transferred from another individual or animal. - Active immunity: Produced by the body's immune system in response to exposure to a specific pathogen.

2. Duration of Protection: - Passive immunity: Provides immediate but temporary protection. The transferred antibodies are gradually eliminated from the body, resulting in the loss of immunity. - Active immunity: Provides long-term protection. The immune system retains memory cells that can mount a rapid and effective response upon re-exposure to the pathogen.

3. Ability to Generate Memory Cells: - Passive immunity: Does not generate memory cells. - Active immunity: Generates memory cells, allowing for a faster and stronger immune response upon re-exposure.

4. Sustainability of Protection: - Passive immunity: Requires repeated administration to maintain protection. - Active immunity: Provides sustained protection without the need for repeated administration.

It's important to note that both passive and active immunity play crucial roles in protecting the body against pathogens. Passive immunity provides immediate but short-term protection, while active immunity provides long-term protection and the ability to mount a rapid response upon re-exposure to a pathogen.