Question

Какие изменения в строении скелета птиц по сравнению с рептилиями произошли в связи с приспособленностью полета? БУДУ ОЧЕНЬ БЛАГОДАРНА

Answer 1

Появился киль,благодаря которому птицы могут летать;кости стали полыми для облегчения веса

Answer 2

Changes in the Skeletal Structure of Birds Compared to Reptiles in Relation to Flight Adaptation

Birds have undergone significant changes in their skeletal structure compared to reptiles in order to adapt to flight. These adaptations are crucial for their ability to fly efficiently and maneuver in the air. Here are some key changes that have occurred:

1. Lightweight Skeleton: One of the most important adaptations for flight is the development of a lightweight skeleton. Birds have evolved hollow bones filled with air sacs, which significantly reduce their weight while maintaining strength This reduction in weight allows birds to achieve lift and stay airborne for extended periods.

2. Modified Forelimbs: The forelimbs of birds, which are modified into wings, have undergone several changes to enable flight. The most notable modification is the fusion of certain bones, such as the fusion of the wrist bones into a rigid structure called the carpometacarpus. This fusion provides a strong and stable base for the flight feathers.

3. Keel-shaped Sternum: Birds have a prominent keel-shaped sternum, also known as the breastbone. The keel provides a large surface area for the attachment of flight muscles, such as the pectoralis major, which powers the downstroke of the wings during flight.

4. Reduced Tail: Compared to reptiles, birds have a shorter and more rigid tail. This reduction in tail length helps to minimize drag and allows for better control and maneuverability in flight.

5. Modified Pelvic Girdle: The pelvic girdle of birds has undergone changes to support the attachment of flight muscles. The ilium, ischium, and pubis bones are fused together, providing a stable platform for the attachment of the powerful leg muscles that are essential for takeoff and landing.

6. Modified Skull: Birds have a lightweight skull with large eye sockets positioned towards the front of the skull. This adaptation improves their field of vision and depth perception, which is crucial for navigating through the air and avoiding obstacles.

These adaptations in the skeletal structure of birds have allowed them to become highly specialized for flight. The lightweight and streamlined design of their skeleton, along with other physiological adaptations, enable birds to achieve efficient and agile flight.

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