Question

1выберите пару организмов которые находятся в мутуалистических отношениях между собой а)корова-жук б)дятел-личинка короеда в)гриб-трутовик-береза г)пчела-липа 2.примером усл реф у чел является а)чихание при вдыхании резко пахнущих веществ б)заучивание стихотворения наизусть в)отдергивание руки от горячего чайника г)катание на коньках 3.при отморожении первой степени необходимо а)промыть пораженный участок тела с раствором питьевой воды б)растереть пораженный участок тела до покраснения в)прикрыть пораженный участок тела повязкой г)наложить шину

Answer 1

а) корова — человек;

б) большой пестрый дятел — ель;

в) кишечная палочка — человек;

г) рыба-прилипала — акула;

д) тля — рыжий муравей;

е) наездник-трихограмма — яйца капустной белянки;

ж) муха ктырь — комнатная муха;

з) человек — кровососущий комар;

и) грызун песчанка — саксаульная сойка;

к) лось — белка;

л) ель — гусеница сибирского шелкопряда;

м) волк — ворон.

Назовите тип биотических отношений, который чаще всего проявляется в природе при взаимодействии следующих пар организмов:

волк — заяц, корова — жук-навозник, лесная мышь — дуб (желудь), дятел — личинка короеда, рыжая лесная полевка — лесная мышь, рыжий муравей — гусеница пяденицы, ондатра (водяная крыса) — полевка, сойка — рыжий муравей, взрослая ель — проросток березы, белый гриб — ель, гриб трутовик — береза, гриб пеницилл — бактерии, кукуруза — бодяк полевой, человек — аскарида, волк — дождевой червь, стрекоза — муравей, стрекоза — муха, карась — карп, шакал — лев, пчела — липа.

Answer 2

Mutualistic Relationships between Organisms:

In mutualistic relationships, two or more organisms benefit from their interaction with each other. Here are the examples you requested:

a) Cow-Beetle: The cow and the beetle have a mutualistic relationship. The beetle feeds on the dung produced by the cow, which provides a food source for the beetle. In return, the beetle helps break down the dung, aiding in its decomposition and nutrient recycling [[1]].

b) Woodpecker-Larva of Wood-Boring Beetle: Woodpeckers and the larvae of wood-boring beetles have a mutualistic relationship. The woodpecker feeds on the beetle larvae, which helps control the population of the beetles. In return, the woodpecker gets a source of food [[2]].

c) Fungus-Birch Tree: The fungus and the birch tree have a mutualistic relationship. The fungus forms a symbiotic association with the roots of the birch tree, known as mycorrhiza. The fungus helps the tree absorb nutrients from the soil, while the tree provides the fungus with carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis [[3]].

d) Bee-Linden Tree: Bees and linden trees have a mutualistic relationship. Bees collect nectar from the linden tree's flowers as a food source, while they inadvertently transfer pollen from one flower to another, aiding in the tree's reproduction [[4]].

Examples of Reflexes in Humans:

Reflexes are involuntary responses to specific stimuli. Here are some examples:

a) Sneezing when inhaling strongly scented substances: When we inhale substances with strong odors, such as pepper or perfume, our body's reflex is to sneeze. This reflex helps expel irritants from the nasal passages and protect the respiratory system [[5]].

b) Reciting a memorized poem: Memorizing and reciting a poem is an example of a learned reflex. Once a poem is memorized, the recitation becomes automatic and reflexive, requiring minimal conscious effort [[6]].

c) Withdrawing the hand from a hot teapot: When we touch a hot object, such as a teapot, our body's reflex is to withdraw the hand immediately. This reflex is a protective mechanism that helps prevent further injury from heat [[7]].

d) Ice skating: Ice skating involves complex motor skills and balance control. While it may not be considered a reflex in the traditional sense, it can be seen as a reflexive response to maintain balance and coordination on the slippery surface of the ice [[8]].

First-Degree Frostbite Treatment:

First-degree frostbite is a mild form of frostbite that affects the superficial layers of the skin. Here are the recommended steps for treating first-degree frostbite:

a) Rinse the affected area with drinkable water: Gently rinse the frostbitten area with lukewarm water (around 37°C or 98.6°F) to gradually warm the tissue and remove any ice crystals. Avoid using hot water, as it can cause further damage to the skin [[9]].

b) Avoid rubbing or massaging the frostbitten area: Rubbing or massaging the frostbitten area can cause additional tissue damage. Instead, let the affected area warm naturally [[10]].

c) Cover the frostbitten area with a sterile dressing: After rinsing, cover the frostbitten area with a sterile, non-stick dressing to protect it from further injury and to keep it clean [[11]].

d) Seek medical attention: It is important to seek medical attention for proper evaluation and further treatment, as frostbite can cause long-term damage to the skin and underlying tissues [[12]].

Remember, these steps are general guidelines, and it is always best to consult a healthcare professional for specific advice and treatment options based on the severity of the frostbite.