Question

Какое строение имеет РНК? Назовите типы РНК

Answer 1

Типы РНК: информационная или матричная РНК(иРНК или мРНК), транспортная РНК(тРНК), рибосомальная РНК(рРНК)
Матричная РНК представляет собой длинную одноцепочечную молекулу, присутствующую в цитоплазме 
тРНК имеет вид трилистника и она переносит аминокислоты 

Answer 2

RNA Structure and Types

RNA (Ribonucleic acid) is a type of nucleic acid that plays a crucial role in various biological processes. It is composed of a single-stranded chain of nucleotides, similar to DNA. However, RNA differs from DNA in several ways, including its structure and function.

The structure of RNA consists of a backbone made up of alternating sugar (ribose) and phosphate molecules, with nitrogenous bases attached to the sugar molecules. The four nitrogenous bases found in RNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). Unlike DNA, which contains thymine (T) instead of uracil, RNA uses uracil as one of its bases.

There are several types of RNA, each with its own specific function in the cell:

1. Messenger RNA (mRNA): mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. It carries the instructions for assembling amino acids into a specific sequence to form a protein.

2. Transfer RNA (tRNA): tRNA molecules are responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid and has an anticodon region that recognizes the corresponding codon on the mRNA.

3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): rRNA is a major component of ribosomes, which are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. It helps in the assembly of amino acids into proteins by catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds.

4. Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA): snRNA is involved in the processing of pre-mRNA molecules, which are the initial transcripts of protein-coding genes. It plays a role in splicing out introns and joining together the remaining exons to form mature mRNA.

5. Small Nucleolar RNA (snoRNA): snoRNA is involved in the modification of other RNA molecules, such as rRNA and tRNA. It helps in the addition of chemical groups to these molecules, which is important for their proper function.

6. MicroRNA (miRNA): miRNA regulates gene expression by binding to specific mRNA molecules and preventing their translation into proteins. It plays a role in controlling various cellular processes, including development, cell differentiation, and apoptosis.

These are some of the major types of RNA found in cells, each with its own unique function. They work together to ensure the proper functioning of cellular processes and the synthesis of proteins.