Question

Почему селекционеры необходимы знания о центрах многообразия и происхождения культурных растений? из каких стран вы будете запрашивать исходный материал для селекции проса, пшеницы, сахарной свеклы, капусты, картофеля и ячменя?

Answer 1

чтобы знать, где находятся дикоростущие предки создаваемых новых сортов для улучшения их качеств, в частности устойчивости к неблагоприятным условиям и болезням

Answer 2

The Importance of Knowledge about Centers of Diversity and Origin of Cultivated Plants for Breeders

Centers of Diversity refer to regions where a particular plant species or group of related species originated and developed a wide range of genetic diversity. Centers of Origin are specific areas where a plant species is believed to have originated. These centers are important for breeders because they provide a rich source of genetic variation that can be used to improve cultivated plants.

1. Preserving Genetic Diversity: Knowledge about centers of diversity and origin helps breeders identify and access genetic resources that possess desirable traits, such as disease resistance, tolerance to environmental stresses, and improved yield. By preserving and utilizing this genetic diversity, breeders can develop new varieties that are better adapted to changing environmental conditions and meet the needs of farmers and consumers.

2. Improving Crop Resilience: Genetic diversity is crucial for crop resilience in the face of challenges such as pests, diseases, and climate change. By incorporating genes from wild relatives or landraces (traditional varieties), breeders can introduce new traits into cultivated plants, enhancing their ability to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses.

3. Enhancing Crop Quality: Centers of diversity often harbor plants with unique flavors, nutritional profiles, and other desirable qualities. Breeders can tap into this diversity to improve the taste, nutritional value, and overall quality of cultivated crops.

4. Adapting to Local Conditions: Different regions have unique agro-climatic conditions, and crops that are well-adapted to one region may not perform as well in another. By sourcing genetic material from centers of diversity, breeders can develop crop varieties that are better suited to specific regions, leading to increased productivity and sustainability.

5. Conserving Genetic Resources: Centers of diversity are also important for the conservation of plant genetic resources. By understanding the origins and diversity of cultivated plants, breeders can contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of these resources, ensuring their availability for future generations.

Countries for Sourcing Genetic Material for Breeding Proso Millet, Wheat, Sugar Beet, Cabbage, Potato, and Barley

The choice of countries for sourcing genetic material for breeding purposes depends on several factors, including the crop's center of diversity, the presence of wild relatives or landraces, and the specific traits breeders are targeting. While it is difficult to provide an exhaustive list without more specific information, here are some countries that are known for their contributions to the genetic diversity of the mentioned crops:

1. Proso Millet: Proso millet is believed to have originated in Asia, particularly in China and India. These countries would be logical choices for sourcing genetic material for breeding purposes.

2. Wheat: Wheat has a complex history of domestication and has been cultivated in various regions around the world. Major wheat-producing countries like China, India, the United States, Russia, and Canada would be potential sources of genetic material for wheat breeding.

3. Sugar Beet: Sugar beet is believed to have originated in the Mediterranean region. Countries like France, Germany, Russia, the United States, and China are major producers of sugar beet and could be potential sources of genetic material for breeding.

4. Cabbage: Cabbage is a widely cultivated vegetable with diverse varieties. Countries like China, India, Russia, the United States, and Germany are known for their cabbage production and could be potential sources of genetic material for breeding.

5. Potato: The potato is native to the Andean region of South America. Peru, Bolivia, and other countries in the region are important centers of diversity for potato and could provide valuable genetic material for breeding.

6. Barley: Barley is one of the oldest cultivated crops and has a wide distribution. Major barley-producing countries include Russia, Germany, France, Canada, and the United States.

It is important for breeders to collaborate with researchers, gene banks, and other institutions in these countries to access and exchange genetic material for breeding purposes. International agreements and initiatives, such as the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, facilitate the sharing of genetic resources for the benefit of global agriculture.