
Строение и функции рибосом.


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Structure and Functions of Ribosomes
Ribosomes are essential cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They are composed of two subunits, the large and small subunits, each with distinct functions.
Structure: - Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. - The small subunit contains one rRNA molecule and approximately 20 proteins, while the large subunit contains three rRNA molecules and around 80 proteins. - The small subunit is responsible for binding to the mRNA (messenger RNA), while the large subunit is involved in the actual synthesis of proteins.
Functions: - Protein Synthesis: Ribosomes play a crucial role in translating genetic information from mRNA into proteins. The small subunit binds to the mRNA, and the large subunit catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, leading to protein synthesis. - Site of Translation: Ribosomes are the primary site for translation, where the genetic code carried by the mRNA is decoded to produce specific sequences of amino acids, forming proteins. - Cellular Machinery: Ribosomes are fundamental cellular machinery and are found in all living cells, from bacteria to humans. They are responsible for the synthesis of proteins necessary for various cellular functions.
Understanding the structure and functions of ribosomes is crucial for comprehending the fundamental processes of protein synthesis and cellular function. If you have further questions or need more details, feel free to ask!


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