Question

Какие адаптации к условиям произрастания можно выделить у приведенных на рисунке 1 растений(там кактус,тюльпан,дерево и ель)? Опишите их биологическую целесообразность. Почему адаптации носят относительный характер?

Answer 1

Кактус-колючки для защиты и 20 метровые корни для добычи воды
тюльпан-имеет яркий окрас для завлечения опылителей и луковичные корни для зимования
инжир(а не дерево)-плод имеет яркий цвет и сладкий вкус, но и слабительный эффект.При попадании на ветвь прорастает из неё
ель-иголки имеют воскоподобное покрытие для уменьшения потерь жидкости

Answer 2

Adaptations to Environmental Conditions in Plants

Plants, such as cacti, tulips, trees, and firs, exhibit various adaptations to their growing conditions, which are essential for their survival and reproduction. These adaptations are biologically advantageous and often relative in nature due to the diverse and dynamic environmental factors that plants encounter.

Cacti: Cacti are well-adapted to arid environments, characterized by limited water availability and high temperatures. Their biological adaptations include reduced leaves to minimize water loss through transpiration, a shallow but extensive root system to quickly absorb water after rainfall, and the ability to carry out photosynthesis at night to reduce water loss through open stomata during the day.

Tulips: Tulips, native to regions with cold winters and dry summers, have bulb structures that allow them to survive harsh conditions. These bulbs store nutrients and energy, enabling the plant to remain dormant during unfavorable seasons and then sprout and bloom when conditions are more favorable. Additionally, tulips have evolved to have waxy leaves that help reduce water loss and protect them from extreme temperatures.

Trees: Trees exhibit a wide range of adaptations depending on their specific environment. For instance, in tropical rainforests, trees have developed large, broad leaves to capture sunlight in the dense canopy, while in coniferous forests, trees like firs have needle-like leaves that reduce water loss and allow them to withstand cold temperatures. Additionally, trees have developed extensive root systems to anchor themselves and access water and nutrients from the soil.

Relative Nature of Adaptations: The relative nature of adaptations in plants stems from the fact that environmental conditions are not static. They can change over time due to factors such as climate change, geological events, and human activities. As a result, what may be a beneficial adaptation in one set of conditions may become less advantageous or even detrimental in a different environment. Therefore, plants exhibit a range of adaptations that allow them to thrive in specific conditions, but these adaptations may not be universally beneficial across all environments.

In conclusion, the adaptations of plants such as cacti, tulips, trees, and firs are essential for their survival and reproduction in their respective environments. These adaptations are biologically advantageous and often relative in nature due to the dynamic and diverse environmental conditions that plants encounter.