Question

Як зміниться структура білка, що кодується такою послідовністю нуклеотидів у ДНК: а) ААТ АЦЦ ГГГ ТТТ ЦГА ГАГ ААГ ГЦГ ЦГЦ ГГЦ, якщо відбулася мутація, у результаті якої втратився шостий і сьомий нуклеотиди; б) ТТТ ГГГ ЦЦЦ ААА ЦГА АГГ АТТ ТАА ЦЦЦ ГЦГ, якщо відбулася мутація, у результаті якої ділянка із 6-го по 10-й нуклеотид повернулася на 180 градусів; в) ТТТ ГГГ ЦЦЦ ААА ЦГА АГГ АТТ ТАА ЦЦЦ ГЦГ, якщо відбулася мутація, у результаті якої ділянка із 6-го по 11-й нуклеотид була повторена двічі. Помогите решить, пожалуйста!!!

Answer 1

Если я правильно поняла задание, то вот так:
а) ТТА ТГ ЦЦ ААА ГЦТ ЦТЦ ТТЦ ЦГЦ ГЦГ ЦЦГ;
б) ААА ЦЦГ ЦЦЦ АТТ ГЦТ ТЦЦ ТАА АТТ ГГГ ЦГЦ;
в) ААА ЦЦЦ ГГГ ТТТ ГЦТ ТЦЦ ТАА АТТ ГГГ ЦГЦ.

Answer 2

Changes in Protein Structure due to DNA Mutations

When a mutation occurs in the DNA sequence that encodes a protein, it can lead to changes in the structure and function of the protein. Let's examine the three scenarios you provided and discuss how each mutation would affect the protein structure.

a) Mutation: Loss of the sixth and seventh nucleotides (ААТ АЦЦ ГГГ ТТТ ЦГА ГАГ ААГ ГЦГ ЦГЦ ГГЦ)

In this case, the mutation involves the loss of the sixth and seventh nucleotides in the DNA sequence. This deletion of nucleotides would result in a frameshift mutation, where the reading frame of the DNA sequence is shifted. As a result, the subsequent codons and amino acids in the protein sequence would be altered.

The loss of these nucleotides would cause a shift in the reading frame, leading to a completely different protein sequence downstream of the mutation site. This change in the protein sequence would likely result in a non-functional or truncated protein, as the loss of nucleotides disrupts the proper translation of the genetic code.

b) Mutation: Reversal of the 6th to 10th nucleotides (ТТТ ГГГ ЦЦЦ ААА ЦГА АГГ АТТ ТАА ЦЦЦ ГЦГ)

In this scenario, the mutation involves the reversal of the DNA sequence from the 6th to the 10th nucleotides. This type of mutation is known as an inversion. The inversion of a DNA segment does not change the overall number of nucleotides but rearranges their order.

The inversion of the DNA segment would not directly affect the protein sequence, as the genetic code is still intact. However, it could potentially impact the folding and structure of the resulting protein. The inverted DNA segment may contain regulatory elements or binding sites for other molecules that are crucial for proper protein function. Therefore, the inversion could disrupt these interactions and alter the protein's structure and function.

c) Mutation: Duplication of the 6th to 11th nucleotides (ТТТ ГГГ ЦЦЦ ААА ЦГА АГГ АТТ ТАА ЦЦЦ ГЦГ)

In this case, the mutation involves the duplication of the DNA segment from the 6th to the 11th nucleotides. This duplication results in the repetition of the nucleotides within the DNA sequence.

The duplication of the DNA segment would lead to a longer protein sequence, as the duplicated segment would be translated into additional amino acids. This elongation of the protein sequence could potentially affect its folding and structure. The duplicated region may introduce new interactions or disrupt existing ones, leading to changes in the protein's overall structure and function.

It's important to note that the impact of these mutations on protein structure and function can vary depending on the specific protein and its role in cellular processes. Additionally, other factors such as post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions can also influence protein structure and function.

Please let me know if there's anything else I can help you with!