Question

Які є форми імунітету?

Answer 1

I — естественный иммунитет:

а) врожденный, видовой;

б) приобретенный.

К естественному иммунитету относится также пассивный иммунитет новорожденных;

II — искусственный иммунитет:

а) активный, возникающий после вакцинации;

б) пассивный, когда в организм вводят лечебные сыворотки или иммуноглобулины.

Answer 2

Хахха я не помню недавно вчив  але забув

Answer 3

Forms of Immunity

There are several forms of immunity that the human body can develop to protect against diseases and infections. These forms of immunity include:

1. Innate Immunity: Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens. It is present from birth and provides immediate protection. Innate immunity includes physical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes, as well as cellular components like natural killer cells and phagocytes.

2. Adaptive Immunity: Adaptive immunity is a specific and acquired form of immunity that develops over time. It involves the recognition of specific pathogens and the production of targeted immune responses. Adaptive immunity includes two main components:

- Cell-Mediated Immunity: This form of immunity involves the activation of T cells, which can directly kill infected cells or coordinate immune responses. T cells recognize specific antigens presented by infected cells. - Humoral Immunity: Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells. Antibodies can neutralize pathogens, mark them for destruction by other immune cells, or activate the complement system.

3. Passive Immunity: Passive immunity is temporary and does not involve the body's own immune system. It is acquired through the transfer of pre-formed antibodies or immune cells from another individual or animal. Passive immunity can occur naturally, such as through the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her fetus during pregnancy, or artificially, such as through the administration of immune globulins.

4. Vaccination-Induced Immunity: Vaccination is a method of developing immunity by introducing a weakened or inactivated form of a pathogen or its components into the body. This stimulates the immune system to produce a specific immune response, including the production of memory cells. Vaccination-induced immunity can provide long-lasting protection against specific diseases.

5. Herd Immunity: Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of a population becomes immune to a disease, either through vaccination or previous infection. This indirectly protects individuals who are not immune, as the spread of the disease is limited. Herd immunity is particularly important for protecting vulnerable populations, such as those who cannot be vaccinated due to medical reasons.

It is important to note that these forms of immunity can work together to provide comprehensive protection against diseases and infections. The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that constantly adapts and responds to various threats to maintain overall health and well-being.