Question

Как отражается деятельность человека на равновесии назменых и водных экосистем?Почему?Приведите примеры

Answer 1

Как правило, отрицательно. В качестве примера и для водных и для наземных экосистем можно привести использование пестицидов: большое количество отравляющих веществ разносится ветром на прилегающие к полю территории, тем самым возникает гибель организмов, которые полезны для экосистемы этой прилегающей территории. Если же эти пестициды являются растворимыми соединениями, то они рано или поздно попадут в почву, а затем и в грунтовые воды и через грунтовые воды эти вещества попадут в водоем, вызовут его загрязнение и гибель большинства организмов... В обоих случаях устойчивость экосистемы нарушается благодаря деятельности человека...

Answer 2

The Impact of Human Activities on Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems

Human activities can have significant impacts on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These activities can disrupt the delicate balance of these ecosystems, leading to negative consequences for the environment and the organisms that inhabit them. Let's explore how human activities can affect both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and provide some examples.

Terrestrial Ecosystems

1. Deforestation: Deforestation, the clearing of forests for various purposes such as agriculture, logging, or urbanization, has a profound impact on terrestrial ecosystems. It leads to the loss of habitat for many plant and animal species, disrupts the nutrient cycle, and contributes to climate change by reducing the capacity of forests to absorb carbon dioxide.

2. Urbanization: The expansion of cities and urban areas can result in the destruction of natural habitats and the fragmentation of ecosystems. This can lead to the loss of biodiversity, as well as changes in temperature, water availability, and nutrient cycling.

3. Agricultural Practices: Intensive agricultural practices, such as the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, can have detrimental effects on terrestrial ecosystems. These practices can contaminate soil and water, harm beneficial organisms, and disrupt the natural balance of ecosystems.

4. Mining: Mining activities can cause significant damage to terrestrial ecosystems. The extraction of minerals often involves the removal of large amounts of soil and vegetation, leading to habitat destruction and soil erosion. Mining can also result in the release of toxic substances into the environment, polluting soil and water sources.

Aquatic Ecosystems

1. Pollution: Pollution from various sources, including industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and improper waste disposal, can have severe consequences for aquatic ecosystems. Pollutants such as heavy metals, chemicals, and excess nutrients can contaminate water bodies, leading to reduced water quality, harmful algal blooms, and the death of aquatic organisms.

2. Overfishing: Overfishing, the excessive harvesting of fish and other aquatic organisms, can disrupt the balance of aquatic ecosystems. It can lead to the depletion of fish populations, the collapse of food webs, and the loss of biodiversity. Overfishing also affects the livelihoods of communities dependent on fishing.

3. Habitat Destruction: The destruction of aquatic habitats, such as wetlands and coral reefs, can have far-reaching consequences for aquatic ecosystems. These habitats provide critical breeding grounds, nurseries, and feeding areas for many species. Their destruction can result in the loss of biodiversity and disrupt the functioning of entire ecosystems.

4. Climate Change: Climate change has significant implications for aquatic ecosystems. Rising temperatures, ocean acidification, and sea-level rise can disrupt the delicate balance of marine ecosystems, leading to the loss of coral reefs, changes in species distribution, and the decline of marine biodiversity.

Examples

1. The Amazon Rainforest: Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest, primarily driven by agricultural expansion and logging, has resulted in the loss of vast areas of habitat for countless plant and animal species. It has also contributed to the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, exacerbating climate change.

2. The Great Barrier Reef: The Great Barrier Reef in Australia, one of the world's most diverse and iconic coral reef ecosystems, is under threat due to climate change, pollution, and habitat destruction. Rising ocean temperatures and ocean acidification have led to coral bleaching events, causing significant damage to this fragile ecosystem.

3. The Aral Sea: The Aral Sea, once one of the world's largest inland bodies of water, has shrunk dramatically due to excessive water extraction for irrigation purposes. This has resulted in the loss of habitat for numerous aquatic species and has had severe economic and social consequences for the communities that relied on the sea for their livelihoods.

It is important to recognize the impact of human activities on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and take steps to mitigate these effects. Conservation efforts, sustainable practices, and responsible resource management are crucial for preserving the health and integrity of these ecosystems for future generations.