Question

Функции эпередермиса,дермы и подкожной кличатки. Срочно

Answer 1

1) защитная
2) защитная, чувствительная, дыхательная, обменная, терморегуляторная
3) запасающая, терморегуляторная, защитная

Answer 2

Functions of the Epidermis, Dermis, and Subcutaneous Tissue

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and is composed of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. Each layer has its own unique functions. Let's explore the functions of each layer in detail:

1. Epidermis: The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and serves as a protective barrier between the body and the external environment. Its main functions include:

- Protection: The epidermis acts as a physical barrier, protecting the body from harmful substances, UV radiation, and pathogens. - Waterproofing: The epidermis contains a layer of cells called keratinocytes that produce a protein called keratin. Keratin helps to waterproof the skin, preventing excessive water loss and maintaining hydration. - Melanin production: Melanocytes, specialized cells in the epidermis, produce the pigment melanin. Melanin helps protect the skin from the damaging effects of UV radiation by absorbing and scattering the rays. - Sensation: The epidermis contains sensory receptors called Merkel cells and free nerve endings that allow us to perceive touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. - Regulation of vitamin D synthesis: The epidermis plays a role in the synthesis of vitamin D when exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

2. Dermis: The dermis is the middle layer of the skin, located beneath the epidermis. It provides structural support and contains various components that contribute to its functions, including:

- Strength and elasticity: The dermis is composed of collagen and elastin fibers, which provide strength and elasticity to the skin. These fibers allow the skin to stretch and recoil without tearing. - Blood supply: The dermis contains a network of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the skin cells, promoting cell growth and repair. - Temperature regulation: The dermis contains blood vessels that help regulate body temperature by constricting or dilating to conserve or release heat, respectively. - Nerve endings: The dermis is rich in sensory nerve endings, including receptors for touch, pressure, vibration, and temperature. These nerve endings allow us to perceive sensations and transmit signals to the brain. - Hair follicles and sweat glands: The dermis houses hair follicles, which produce hair, and sweat glands, which secrete sweat to regulate body temperature and excrete waste products.

3. Subcutaneous Tissue: The subcutaneous tissue, also known as the hypodermis or subcutis, is the deepest layer of the skin. It consists of fat cells (adipocytes) and connective tissue. The main functions of the subcutaneous tissue include:

- Insulation: The layer of fat in the subcutaneous tissue acts as an insulator, helping to regulate body temperature by providing thermal insulation. - Energy storage: Adipocytes in the subcutaneous tissue store energy in the form of fat. This energy can be utilized by the body during times of increased energy demand. - Shock absorption: The subcutaneous tissue provides cushioning and shock absorption, protecting the underlying structures, such as muscles, bones, and organs, from external forces. - Attachment: The subcutaneous tissue attaches the skin to the underlying structures, allowing for movement and flexibility.

In summary, the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue each have distinct functions that contribute to the overall health and protection of the skin. The epidermis acts as a protective barrier, the dermis provides structural support and sensory functions, and the subcutaneous tissue offers insulation, energy storage, and shock absorption.