Question

Какой смысл вкладывал Ч. Дарвин в понятие "борьба за существование"

Answer 1

Ч. Дарвин вкладывал в понятие зависимость одних существ от других (добывание пищи, оставление потомства), не только "борьбу" в прямом смысле этого слова, но и пассивную конкуренцию.

Answer 2

Charles Darwin and the Concept of "Struggle for Existence"

Charles Darwin, a renowned British naturalist, is best known for his theory of evolution through natural selection. One of the key concepts in Darwin's theory is the "struggle for existence." Darwin believed that all living organisms are engaged in a constant battle for survival, where only the fittest individuals are able to survive and reproduce successfully.

The concept of "struggle for existence" refers to the competition among individuals of a species for limited resources, such as food, water, and shelter. According to Darwin, this struggle is a fundamental driving force behind the process of natural selection, which leads to the adaptation and evolution of species over time.

Darwin observed that within any given population, there is natural variation in traits and characteristics. Some individuals possess traits that are advantageous in their particular environment, while others may have traits that are less favorable. Through the struggle for existence, individuals with advantageous traits have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing, passing on their favorable traits to the next generation. Over time, this leads to the accumulation of beneficial traits in a population, resulting in the adaptation and evolution of the species.

Darwin's concept of the struggle for existence was influenced by his observations during his voyage on the HMS Beagle and his studies of various species, including finches in the Galapagos Islands. He noticed that different species of finches had variations in their beak shapes, which allowed them to exploit different food sources on the islands. This led him to conclude that the variations in traits within a population are crucial for survival and adaptation.

It is important to note that Darwin's concept of the struggle for existence does not imply a constant state of conflict or aggression among individuals. Rather, it refers to the competition for resources and the selective pressures that shape the survival and reproductive success of individuals within a population.

In summary, Charles Darwin's concept of the "struggle for existence" highlights the competition among individuals for limited resources and the role it plays in the process of natural selection and evolution. Through this struggle, individuals with advantageous traits have a higher chance of survival and reproduction, leading to the adaptation and evolution of species over time.