Question

Выпишите номера верных утверждений 1. Самые простые рефлексы образованы двумя нейронами. 2 коленный рефлекс состоит из трех нейронов. 3. отдергивание руки от горячего чайнка-это пример условного рефлекса 4. условные рефлексы отличаются у разных людей 5 безусловные рефлексы защищают организм человека от опастносей 6 рефлекторная дуга начинается с рецептора 7 вставочный нейрон передает сигнал с двигательно нейрона на чувствительный

Answer 1

5. Безусловные рефлексы защищают организм от опасностей.
4. Условные рефлексы отличаются у разных людей.

Answer 2

Reflexes and their Components

1. The simplest reflexes are formed by two neurons. This statement is true. The simplest reflex arcs consist of only two neurons: a sensory neuron and a motor neuron. The sensory neuron carries information from the sensory receptor to the central nervous system (CNS), while the motor neuron carries the response signal from the CNS to the effector organ or muscle.

2. The knee reflex, also known as the patellar reflex, consists of three neurons. This statement is false. The knee reflex, or patellar reflex, is an example of a monosynaptic reflex arc, which involves only two neurons: a sensory neuron and a motor neuron. The sensory neuron carries the signal from the stretch receptor in the quadriceps muscle to the spinal cord, and the motor neuron carries the response signal back to the quadriceps muscle, causing it to contract and extend the leg.

3. The act of pulling your hand away from a hot teapot is an example of a conditioned reflex. This statement is false. The act of pulling your hand away from a hot teapot is an example of an unconditioned reflex. It is an automatic, innate response to a noxious stimulus. In this case, the heat from the teapot activates pain receptors in the skin, which send a signal through sensory neurons to the spinal cord. The spinal cord then sends a signal through motor neurons to the muscles of the arm, causing it to retract. This reflex is not learned or conditioned.

4. Conditioned reflexes can vary among different individuals. This statement is true. Conditioned reflexes are learned responses that are acquired through experience or conditioning. They can vary among individuals based on their previous experiences and conditioning. For example, a person may have conditioned reflexes associated with specific stimuli or situations that are unique to their personal history.

5. Unconditioned reflexes help protect the human body from dangers. This statement is true. Unconditioned reflexes, also known as innate reflexes, are automatic responses that help protect the body from potential harm or danger. Examples of unconditioned reflexes include blinking to protect the eyes from foreign objects, coughing to clear the airways, and withdrawing from painful stimuli. These reflexes are essential for survival and are present in all individuals.

6. A reflex arc starts with a receptor and ends with an effector organ. This statement is true. A reflex arc is the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action. It begins with a sensory receptor, which detects a stimulus, and ends with an effector organ or muscle, which carries out the response. The reflex arc includes the sensory neuron, interneurons (if present), and the motor neuron. The interneurons process and integrate the sensory information before sending the motor response signal.

7. An interneuron transmits signals between a motor neuron and a sensory neuron. This statement is false. An interneuron, also known as an intercalated neuron or an association neuron, is a type of neuron that transmits signals between other neurons. It is responsible for integrating and processing information within the central nervous system (CNS). In the context of a reflex arc, an interneuron may be present between the sensory neuron and the motor neuron, but it does not directly transmit signals between them. Instead, it plays a role in processing and modulating the information before sending the motor response signal.

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