Question

Структура жиров и углеводов!

Answer 1

Химическая структура жиров - сложные соединения трёхатомного спирта глицерина и высокомолекулярных жирных кислот (пальмитиновой, стеариновой или олеиновой)
Химическая структура углеводов - в их состав входят углевод, кислород и водород, в соотношении общей формулы Сn(Н2О)m, где n-не меньше 3. Если говорить общечеловеческим языком, то это значит что соотношение кислорода и водорода в углеводах, такое же как и в молекуле воды. 

Answer 2

Structure of Fats and Carbohydrates

Fats and carbohydrates are two essential macronutrients that provide energy to the body. Let's explore the structure of fats and carbohydrates in more detail.

Structure of Fats:

Fats, also known as lipids, are composed of fatty acids and glycerol. The structure of fats can vary depending on the type of fatty acids present. Fatty acids are long chains of carbon atoms with a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end. The carbon atoms in the chain can be either saturated or unsaturated.

Saturated fats have only single bonds between carbon atoms and are solid at room temperature. They are typically found in animal products such as meat and dairy. Unsaturated fats, on the other hand, have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms and are usually liquid at room temperature. They are commonly found in plant-based oils.

The glycerol molecule serves as the backbone of fats. It has three carbon atoms, each of which can bond with a fatty acid. When three fatty acids are attached to a glycerol molecule, it forms a triglyceride, which is the most common form of fat found in the body and in food sources.

Structure of Carbohydrates:

Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They can be classified into three main types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates and cannot be broken down further. They consist of a single sugar molecule. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides are joined together through a chemical bond. Common disaccharides include sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose), and maltose (glucose + glucose).

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharides. They serve as a storage form of energy in plants and animals. Examples of polysaccharides include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

Starch is the primary storage form of glucose in plants, while glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals. Cellulose, on the other hand, is a structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants.

Conclusion:

In summary, fats are composed of fatty acids and glycerol, while carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Understanding the structure of these macronutrients helps us comprehend their role in providing energy and supporting various physiological functions in the body.