Question

Какие функции выполняют органы нервной и эндокринной системы? Как называется постоянный состав жидкостей, составляющих внутреннюю среду?

Answer 1

1) Связь организма с внешней и внутренней средой посредством нервных импульсов и регуляция работы внутренних органов посредством биологически активных веществ гормонов,выделяемых в кровь.
2) Совокупность механизмов, обеспечивающих постоянство внутренней среды организма, называется гомеостазом.

Answer 2

Functions of the Nervous and Endocrine Systems

The nervous system and the endocrine system are two major regulatory systems in the human body. They work together to maintain homeostasis and coordinate various physiological processes.

The nervous system is responsible for the rapid transmission of electrical signals, called nerve impulses, throughout the body. It consists of the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes the nerves that extend throughout the body.

The functions of the nervous system include:

1. Sensory input: The nervous system receives information from sensory receptors, such as the eyes, ears, skin, and internal organs, allowing us to perceive and respond to our environment. 2. Integration: The nervous system processes and interprets sensory information, allowing us to make decisions and coordinate appropriate responses. 3. Motor output: The nervous system sends signals to muscles and glands, enabling us to move and produce physiological responses. 4. Homeostasis: The nervous system helps regulate and maintain the body's internal environment by controlling processes such as body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. 5. Higher cognitive functions: The nervous system is responsible for complex mental processes, such as learning, memory, language, and emotions.

The endocrine system consists of a network of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target cells or organs, where they regulate various physiological processes.

The functions of the endocrine system include:

1. Regulation of metabolism: Hormones such as insulin, glucagon, and thyroid hormones regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. 2. Growth and development: Hormones like growth hormone and sex hormones play a crucial role in growth, development, and sexual maturation. 3. Reproduction: The endocrine system controls reproductive processes, including the production of gametes (sperm and eggs) and the regulation of menstrual cycles. 4. Maintenance of electrolyte balance: Hormones such as aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) help regulate the balance of electrolytes and water in the body. 5. Stress response: The endocrine system, particularly the adrenal glands, releases hormones like cortisol and adrenaline in response to stress, helping the body cope with challenging situations.

Internal Environment and Homeost