Question

От каких факторов зависит величина порога слуховой чувствительности

Answer 1

Чувствительность анализаторов повышается или понижается в зависимости: а) от внешних условий, сопутствующих основному раздражителю (острота слуха более высока в тишине и понижается при наличии шумной обстановки) ; б) от состояния рецептора (глаз, утомленный интенсивным светом, снижает свою чувствительность) ; в) от состояния центральных отделов анализаторов (при болезненном состоянии организма, при наличии значительного умственного утомления или при перетренировке чувствительность снижается) .

Answer 2

Factors Affecting the Threshold of Hearing Sensitivity

The threshold of hearing sensitivity refers to the minimum sound intensity level that can be detected by the human ear. Several factors influence the magnitude of the threshold of hearing sensitivity. Here are some of the key factors:

1. Frequency of the Sound: The threshold of hearing sensitivity varies with the frequency of the sound. The human ear is most sensitive to sounds in the frequency range of 2,000 to 5,000 Hz. At lower and higher frequencies, the threshold of hearing sensitivity tends to be higher.

2. Sound Pressure Level: The sound pressure level (SPL) is a measure of the intensity or loudness of a sound. The threshold of hearing sensitivity decreases as the sound pressure level increases. In other words, louder sounds can be detected at lower sound pressure levels.

3. Duration of the Sound: The duration of the sound also affects the threshold of hearing sensitivity. Short-duration sounds may require higher sound pressure levels to be detected compared to longer-duration sounds.

4. Age: Age is another factor that influences the threshold of hearing sensitivity. Generally, as people age, their hearing sensitivity decreases, especially for high-frequency sounds. This is known as presbycusis.

5. Individual Variations: Each individual may have slightly different thresholds of hearing sensitivity due to genetic factors, exposure to loud noises, and other personal factors.

It's important to note that the threshold of hearing sensitivity can be measured in decibels (dB) using the A-weighted scale (dBA), which takes into account the frequency response of the human ear. The A-weighted scale is commonly used in noise measurement and hearing conservation programs.

In conclusion, the threshold of hearing sensitivity depends on factors such as the frequency of the sound, sound pressure level, duration of the sound, age, and individual variations. These factors collectively determine the minimum sound intensity level that can be detected by the human ear.