Question

1.В чём отличие между мхов и папоротниками? 2. В чём сходства между мхов и папоротников?

Answer 1

Отличия  мхов от папоротников:
1. Мхи не имеют корней. Папоротники имеют множество придаточных корней, отрастающих от корневища (видоизменённого побега) .
2. Листья мхов микроскопичны, листья папоротников - вайи имеют сложное строение.
3. У мхов гаметофитом является взрослое листостебельное растение, у папоротников - заросток.
4. Мхи гаплоидны, папоротники - диплоидны.
5. У мхов фотосинтез идёт медленно. Мхи могут фотосинтезировать под снегом. Если температура холодного времени года близка к 0, то мхи остаются вечнозелёными.
6. Мхи - в эволюционном тупике ( невозможность размножения без воды) .
7. Тело мхов может быть представлено слоевищем (нет органов), как у Печёночников.
8. У мхов плохо дифференцированны ткани, у папоротников ткани специализированны.
9. У мхов споры находятся в коробочке на ножке, у папоротников - с обратной стороны вайи ( на спорофите) .
10. Жизненный цикл мхов проходит неразрывно от гаметофита и спорофита. У папоротников половое поколение - это отдельное самостоятельное растение (заросток) .
11. Некоторые мхи могут приводить к заболачиванию территории своего обитания.
сходства: это отделы высших споровых растений.
Очень древние растения.
Тяготеют к увлажнённой среде обитания.
В жизненном цикле есть стадия протонемы, что указывает на их единого общего предка

Answer 2

Difference between Mosses and Ferns

Mosses and ferns are both types of non-flowering plants, but they have several key differences.

1. Structure and Reproduction: - Mosses are small, non-vascular plants that lack true roots, stems, and leaves. They have simple, leaf-like structures called "leaves" and reproduce through spores. - Ferns, on the other hand, are vascular plants that have true roots, stems, and leaves. They have complex, frond-like leaves and reproduce through spores as well.

2. Habitat and Adaptations: - Mosses are commonly found in moist environments, such as forests, swamps, and damp soil. They have adaptations that allow them to retain water and survive in these habitats. - Ferns are also found in moist environments, but they can also thrive in drier conditions. They have adaptations that help them conserve water and tolerate varying levels of light.

3. Size and Growth: - Mosses are generally small in size, with most species growing only a few centimeters tall. They form dense mats or cushions on the ground or other surfaces. - Ferns can vary in size, with some species growing as small as a few centimeters and others reaching several meters in height. They typically grow in clumps or as individual plants.

4. Life Cycle: - Mosses have a life cycle that alternates between a haploid gametophyte stage and a diploid sporophyte stage. The gametophyte produces male and female reproductive structures, which fuse to form a sporophyte that releases spores. - Ferns also have a life cycle that alternates between a haploid gametophyte stage and a diploid sporophyte stage. However, the sporophyte is the dominant stage in ferns, and it is the frond-bearing plant that we commonly recognize as a fern.

Similarities between Mosses and Ferns

Despite their differences, mosses and ferns also share some similarities:

1. Non-Flowering Plants: - Both mosses and ferns are non-flowering plants, meaning they do not produce flowers or seeds for reproduction.

2. Reproduction through Spores: - Both mosses and ferns reproduce through spores. Spores are tiny, single-celled structures that are released by the plants and can develop into new individuals under favorable conditions.

3. Environmental Indicators: - Both mosses and ferns can serve as indicators of environmental conditions. They are often used in ecological studies to assess air quality, soil moisture, and other environmental factors.

4. Ecological Roles: - Mosses and ferns play important ecological roles. They help prevent soil erosion, provide habitats for small organisms, and contribute to nutrient cycling in ecosystems.

I hope this provides a detailed explanation of the differences and similarities between mosses and ferns. Let me know if you have any further questions!