Question

Для глубоководных погружений водолазам составляют газовые смеси, которыми они дышат. В этой смеси азот, который является основным газом воздуха, заменяется гелием. Объясните с чем связана такая замена?

Answer 1

При погружении на глубину увеличивается давление на тело, а соответственно и на веутреннию среду организма. при таких условиях азот начинает выделятся из крови в виде газа, пузырьки которого могут закупорить кровеносные сосуды.

Answer 2

Gas Mixtures for Deep Diving

When it comes to deep-sea diving, divers use gas mixtures to breathe, and one common substitution in these mixtures is replacing nitrogen with helium. This substitution is primarily due to the physiological effects of nitrogen at high pressures underwater.

Nitrogen Narcosis: - Nitrogen narcosis, also known as "rapture of the deep," is a condition that affects divers at certain depths due to the increased partial pressure of nitrogen in their breathing gas. - At depths beyond 30 meters (100 feet), nitrogen narcosis can cause symptoms similar to alcohol intoxication, impairing judgment, and affecting cognitive abilities.

Helium as a Substitute: - Helium is used as a substitute for nitrogen in deep-sea diving gas mixtures because it does not cause nitrogen narcosis, even at significant depths. - Helium's low solubility in body tissues reduces the risk of decompression sickness, commonly known as "the bends," which can occur when ascending from deep dives.

Gas Mixtures and Rebreathers: - In addition to open-circuit diving, closed-circuit rebreathers (CCRs) are also used for deep diving, where the exhaled gas is recycled after removing carbon dioxide and adding oxygen and helium as needed. - CCRs allow for longer dive times and reduce the amount of gas needed, making them advantageous for deep-sea exploration.

By using helium in gas mixtures for deep diving, divers can mitigate the risks associated with nitrogen narcosis and decompression sickness, enabling safer and more efficient exploration of the ocean's depths.