Question

Установіть відповідність між типами нуклеїнових кислот та їх функціями * ДНК іРНК тРНК рРНК входять до складу рибосом збереження спадкової інформації транспортування амінокислот считування інформації з ДНК входять до складу рибосом збереження спадкової інформації транспортування амінокислот считування інформації з ДНК

Answer 1

Types of Nucleic Acids and Their Functions

Nucleic acids are macromolecules that play a crucial role in storing and transmitting genetic information in living organisms. The two main types of nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Within RNA, there are different types including tRNA (transfer RNA) and rRNA (ribosomal RNA). Each type of nucleic acid has specific functions in cellular processes.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): - Function: DNA is responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information in cells. It carries the instructions needed for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms. - DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. - It consists of two strands of nucleotides that form a double helix structure. - DNA provides the template for the synthesis of RNA molecules.

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid): - Function: RNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and gene expression. - RNA is involved in various cellular processes, including transcription, translation, and regulation of gene expression. - RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose sugar found in DNA. - It is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells.

tRNA (Transfer RNA): - Function: tRNA is responsible for transporting amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis. - It carries the correct amino acid to the ribosome based on the codon sequence on the mRNA (messenger RNA). - tRNA molecules have a specific anticodon sequence that pairs with the codon on the mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.

rRNA (Ribosomal RNA): - Function: rRNA is a major component of ribosomes, which are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. - rRNA molecules combine with proteins to form ribosomes, which provide the site for translation of mRNA into proteins. - Ribosomes consist of two subunits, a large subunit, and a small subunit, both of which contain rRNA.

In summary, DNA is responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information, while RNA is involved in protein synthesis and gene expression. tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosomes, and rRNA is a major component of ribosomes. These nucleic acids work together to ensure the proper functioning of cellular processes.