Question

Помогите срочно с завданням прошу пожайлуста 70 балів!! Скелет людини має багато спільного зі скелетом хребетних тварин, проте має ряд особливостей. Серед запропонованих тверджень оберіть особливості, повязаних з прямоходінням.1 Мозковий відділ переважає на д лицьовим відділом черепа2 Типи з'єднання кісток (рухоме,нерухоме, напіврухоме)3 Хребет людини має S-подібний вигляд ( 4 вигини)4 Частини скелету (скелет голови, тулуб та кінцівок )5 Грудна клітина сплющена спереду назад6 Таз людини широкий та міцний7 Нижні кінцівки переважають над верхніми8 Аркоподібна стопа з малорухливими пальцями9 Верхня кінцівка стала органом праці, великий палець протиставлений решті.​

Answer 1

Characteristics of the Human Skeleton Related to Bipedalism

The human skeleton shares many similarities with the skeletons of other vertebrate animals, but it also has several unique features related to bipedalism, or the ability to walk on two legs. Let's analyze the statements provided and identify the characteristics associated with bipedalism:

1. The cranial section of the skull predominates over the facial section. This statement is not directly related to bipedalism and is more about the proportions of the human skull. The cranial section houses the brain, while the facial section includes the structures of the face. Therefore, this statement is not an example of a characteristic associated with bipedalism.

2. Different types of bone connections exist (movable, immovable, semi-movable). This statement is not specifically related to bipedalism but rather describes the types of joints found in the human skeleton. Joints can be classified as movable (synovial joints), immovable (fibrous joints), or semi-movable (cartilaginous joints). Therefore, this statement is not an example of a characteristic associated with bipedalism.

3. The human spine has an S-shaped appearance (four curves). This statement is directly related to bipedalism. The S-shaped curvature of the human spine helps to distribute the weight of the upper body over the pelvis and lower limbs, providing balance and stability during walking. This characteristic is unique to bipedal animals, including humans.

4. The skeleton consists of the skull, torso, and limbs. This statement is not specifically related to bipedalism but rather describes the general structure of the human skeleton. The human skeleton is composed of the skull, which protects the brain, the torso (including the vertebral column, ribs, and sternum), and the limbs (including the arms and legs). Therefore, this statement is not an example of a characteristic associated with bipedalism.

5. The chest is flattened from front to back. This statement is not directly related to bipedalism but rather describes the shape of the human chest. The flattened shape of the chest allows for efficient breathing and provides space for the expansion of the lungs. Therefore, this statement is not an example of a characteristic associated with bipedalism.

6. The human pelvis is wide and sturdy. This statement is directly related to bipedalism. The wide and sturdy structure of the human pelvis provides support for the upper body and helps to transfer the weight of the trunk to the lower limbs during walking. This characteristic is unique to bipedal animals, including humans.

7. The lower limbs are more developed than the upper limbs. This statement is directly related to bipedalism. In bipedal animals, including humans, the lower limbs are specialized for weight-bearing and locomotion, while the upper limbs are adapted for other functions, such as manipulation and tool use.

8. The foot has an arch shape with less mobile toes. This statement is directly related to bipedalism. The presence of an arch in the human foot helps to absorb shock and distribute forces during walking. Additionally, the toes of the human foot are less mobile compared to those of other primates, which aids in maintaining balance during bipedal locomotion.

9. The upper limb has become a tool for labor, with the thumb opposing the other fingers. This statement is not directly related to bipedalism but rather describes the unique characteristics of the human hand. The opposable thumb allows for precision grip and manipulation, enabling humans to use tools and perform complex tasks. Therefore, this statement is not an example of a characteristic associated with bipedalism.

Based on the analysis above, the characteristics associated with bipedalism are:

- The human spine has an S-shaped appearance (four curves). - The human pelvis is wide and sturdy. - The lower limbs are more developed than the upper limbs. - The foot has an arch shape with less mobile toes.

These characteristics are unique to bipedal animals, including humans, and are adaptations that facilitate efficient walking and upright posture.