Question

Докажите аргументировано, что естественный отбор –это неизбежный результат борьбы за существование и необходимое условие эволюции живых организмов.

Answer 1

Объяснение:

Естественный отбор – основная движущая сила эволюции живого мира. Именно благодаря естественному отбору возникло то разнообразие жизни на Земле, которое мы видим.

Суть естественного отбора заключается в том, что особи с благоприятными признаками выживают и продолжают свой род, а особи с неблагоприятными признаками исчезают, освобождая место для существ более сильных и приспособленных.

Следует разграничивать естественный и искусственный отбор, хотя связь между ними очень тесная. Изменчивость организмов как таковая вечна и постоянна, она не зависит от вмешательства человека.

Однако в природных условиях выживают организмы с одним набором признаков, а человек отбирает для себя особей с совсем другим набором; часто такие организмы в природе были бы нежизнеспособны, мало того – многие сочетания признаков, имеющиеся у домашних животных и культурных растений, в природе просто не могут возникнуть.

Answer 2

The Role of Natural Selection in Evolution

Natural selection is a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology that explains how species adapt and evolve over time. It is the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population based on their impact on survival and reproduction. Natural selection is driven by the struggle for existence, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation.

Natural selection is an inevitable result of the struggle for existence. In any given population, there is limited availability of resources such as food, water, and shelter. This creates competition among individuals for these resources, leading to a struggle for existence. Individuals with traits that give them an advantage in this struggle are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to their offspring. Over time, these advantageous traits become more common in the population, while less advantageous traits become less common or even disappear.

Natural selection is a necessary condition for evolution. Evolution is the process of change in the inherited characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when the frequency of certain traits in a population changes over time. Natural selection is the mechanism that drives this change by favoring traits that increase an organism's fitness, or its ability to survive and reproduce. Through natural selection, advantageous traits become more prevalent in a population, leading to the evolution of new species or the adaptation of existing ones.

The evidence for natural selection as a driving force of evolution is abundant. Numerous studies have documented examples of natural selection in action, such as the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, the development of pesticide resistance in insects, and the adaptation of finch beak size and shape in response to changes in food availability on the Galapagos Islands.

In conclusion, natural selection is an inevitable result of the struggle for existence and a necessary condition for the evolution of living organisms. It is the process by which advantageous traits become more common in a population over time, leading to the adaptation and diversification of species. The evidence for natural selection as a driving force of evolution is well-documented and observed in various biological systems.