Question

Які відмінності в будові скелета людини і ссавців?

Answer 1

Відповідь:

скелет людини і скелет тварин мають загальний план будови, а усі відмінності зв’язані з прямоходінням, високо- розвиненою нервовою системою і трудовою діяльністю, характер­ними для людини.

Пояснення:

Answer 2

Differences in the Skeletal Structure of Humans and Mammals

The skeletal structure of humans and mammals share many similarities, but there are also some key differences. Here are some of the main differences in the skeletal structure of humans and mammals:

1. Vertebral Column: Both humans and mammals have a vertebral column, which provides support and protection for the spinal cord. However, there are some differences in the number and shape of the vertebrae. For example, humans typically have 33 vertebrae, including 7 cervical vertebrae in the neck, 12 thoracic vertebrae in the chest, 5 lumbar vertebrae in the lower back, 5 fused sacral vertebrae in the pelvis, and 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae at the base of the spine. The number and shape of vertebrae can vary among different mammal species.

2. Skull Structure: The skull is another area where humans and mammals differ. While both humans and mammals have a skull that protects the brain, there are variations in the shape and size of the skull. For example, humans have a relatively large brain compared to their body size, which is reflected in the size and shape of the skull. In contrast, mammals have skulls that are adapted to their specific needs, such as a long snout for animals like dogs or a large jaw for animals like lions.

3. Limbs and Appendages: Humans have limbs that are adapted for bipedal locomotion, meaning they walk on two legs. This is reflected in the structure of the human skeleton, particularly in the lower limbs. Humans have a long, straight femur (thigh bone) that is aligned vertically with the body, allowing for efficient walking and running. In contrast, mammals have limbs that are adapted for quadrupedal locomotion, meaning they walk on four legs. This is reflected in the structure of their skeleton, with adaptations such as a more horizontal orientation of the femur and specialized joints for efficient movement on all fours.

4. Hands and Feet: The structure of the hands and feet also differs between humans and mammals. Humans have opposable thumbs, which allow for fine motor skills and precision grip. This is particularly important for activities such as tool use and manipulation. Mammals, on the other hand, have paws or hooves that are adapted for their specific needs, such as climbing, digging, or running.

5. Rib Cage: The rib cage is another area where humans and mammals differ. Humans have a rib cage that is adapted to accommodate the size and shape of their internal organs, such as the heart and lungs. The rib cage in mammals can vary in shape and size depending on the species and their specific needs.

It's important to note that these are general differences and there can be variations within different mammal species. Additionally, there may be other specific differences in the skeletal structure of humans and mammals that are not covered here.

I hope this information helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.